the wind pressure is one of the important loads on cooling towers which can be computed via numerical solution of the wind flow. in this paper, the effects of turbulent modeling on accurate computations of wind pressure on a cooling tower with base structure are investigated. for this propose, the results of a finite element flow solver using various commonly used turbulence models are compared...

Forced draft evaporative cooling towers are often used for condenser cooling in small steam power plants. Conventional control strategies keep the cooling pump operating at full speed all the time, and control the cooling water temperature by modulating the tower fan speed. In this work, an energy-efficient control strategy is proposed, that minimizes the combined consumption of the tower fans ...

This paper presents a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the optimal design of mechanical counter-flow cooling towers, subjected to standard design constraints. The objective function consists of the minimization of the total annual cost, which includes the capital cost of the cooling tower (that depends on the filling material and the air flowrate) and the operating cost (th...

outbreaks of legionellosis may be a side effect of institution-water treatment. however, the long-term outcomes and the predictive factors of legionella prevalence in such systems have still not been fully studied. this study was therefore conducted to investigate the prevalence of legionella spp. and to evaluate the role of bacteriological water quality parameters on its prevalence and removal...

An updraft tower cooling system is assessed for elimination of water use associated with power plant heat rejection. Heat rejected from the power plant condenser is used to warm the air at the base of an updraft tower; buoyancy-driven air flows through a recuperative turbine inside the tower. The secondary loop, which couples the power plant condenser to a heat exchanger at the tower base, can ...

in this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. a polyamide spiral wound ro membrane followed by three filters as ro pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. the effect of operating conditions such as pressure difference...

In this report, experimental investigation of waste water treatment by reverse osmosis to enable its reuse in cooling tower is presented. A polyamide spiral wound RO membrane followed by three filters as RO pretreatment (two activated carbon and one cartridge filter) and samples of Tehran refinery treated waste water have been used. The effect of operating conditions such as pressure differ...

A cooling water system is used in industrial processes to cool down hot process streams from their supply conditions to target temperatures. A cooling water system is comprised of three major components, namely a cooling tower, a heat exchanger network (HEN), and a pumping system; these elements have strong interactions with each other and therefore must be optimized simultaneously to yield an ...

Traditionally, energy recommendations from energy audits have been concerned with the energy use of cooling towers for point of use energy, such as variable speed fans, and pumping savings. The actual energy use of a cooling tower is small, and is only a portion of the energy involved in the entire cooling system. The majority of the energy used is to perform the work necessary to compress the ...

The aim of the current study is to develop a numerical tool that is capable of achieving an optimum shape and design of hyperbolic cooling towers based on coupling a non-linear finite element model developed in-house and a genetic algorithm optimization technique. The objective function is set to be the minimum weight of the tower. The geometric modeling of the tower is represented by means of ...