In carrying out studies on the oxidation of cysteine, it is most important that cysteine be used which is known to be completely free from contaminating metals such as iron and copper, both of which are powerful catalysts to this type of oxidation. In a quantitative study of this action, Mathews and Walker (1) showed that this reaction was sensitive to iron in amounts as small as 0.00001 M conc...

Iron deficiency decreases oxygen tension in the intestinal mucosa, leading to stabilization of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 2α (Hif2α) and subsequent upregulation of genes involved in iron transport [e.g., divalent metal transporter (Dmt1) and ferroportin 1 (Fpn1)]. Iron deprivation also alters copper homeostasis, reflected by copper accumulation in the intestinal epithelium and induc...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly understood. Hepatic iron and copper overload can directly cause lipid peroxidation and eventually hepatic damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of hepatic iron and copper accumulation in the development of NASH. METHODS Fifty-three patients with NASH were studied. All patients underwent live...

In biology, redox reactions are essential and sometimes harmful, and therefore, iron metabolism is tightly regulated by cuproproteins. Since the state of copper in iron overload syndromes remains unclear, we investigated whether copper metabolism is altered in these syndromes. Eleven patients with iron overload syndromes participated in this study. The clinical diagnoses were aceruloplasminemia...

Within the last 18 months there have developed two theories concerning the inorganic factors which influence hematopoietic processes. (I) In rats on a basal diet of milk and iron, supplementary copper alone will stimulate a maximum hemoglobin production. (2) On such a diet a group of elements including copper produces a maximum hemoglobin response while copper alone is slightly less effective. ...

Both dietary iron and copper were inversely related to lead absorption as indicated by erythrocyte and kidney lead levels, dietary iron having the greatest effect. Kidney copper values were depressed when dietary iron was low, a condition which was worsened by lead. Lead tended to lower heart cytochrome c oxidase especially when dietary copper was low, but also when dietary copper and zinc were...

The importance of copper as a supplement to iron for hemoglobin regeneration in anemic rats was first demonstrated 4 years ago by Hart, Steenbock, Waddell, and Elvehjem (1). This work showed definitely that in the presence of copper, soluble inorganic iron salts can be used directly for hemoglobin formation. Since that time a number of workers have studied factors affecting hemoglobin productio...

The well-established killing of bacteria by copper surfaces, also called contact killing, is currently believed to be a combined effect of bacterial contact with the copper surface and the dissolution of copper, resulting in lethal bacterial damage. Iron can similarly be released in ionic form from iron surfaces and would thus be expected to also exhibit contact killing, although essentially no...

The extreme resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to copper is overcome by 2-(6-benzyl-2-pyridyl)quinazoline (BPQ), providing a chemical-biology tool which has been exploited in two lines of discovery. First, BPQ is shown to form a red (BPQ)2 Cu(I) complex and promote Ctr1-independent copper-accumulation in whole cells and in mitochondria isolated from treated cells. Multiple phenotypes, inclu...