A total of 1020 crossbreed rabbits were individually examined to evaluate their welfare at electric stunning and slaughtering in a commercial abattoir. Stunning (position of electrodes and repetition of current applications) and sticking (position, length and depth of the cut) procedures were checked. Rabbits were behaviourally monitored from current application to death. The stunning system wa...

This paper describes a case of cavernous sinus thrombosis The condition developed in patient who had been treated for confirmed COVID-19 Left eye examination findings were as follows: amaurosis;absence periorbital skin sensation;signs orbital cellulitis;ptosis;chemosis;total ophthalmoplegia;exophthalmos;decreased corneal sensation;widened pupil;and absence pupil light reflex In addition, ophtha...

Corneal biomechanics emerged as a very hot topic for research in Ophthalmology. In this issue, Sharifipour and coworkers present an observational cross-sectional study in healthy individuals that evaluated the correlations of corneal viscoelastic properties measured by the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA, Reichert, Buffalo, NY) with central corneal thickness (CCT) in different age groups. In this...

PURPOSE To investigate the response characteristics of the corneal afferents that detect ocular conditions critical to the activation of the "afferent limb" of the lacrimation reflex. METHODS In isoflurane-anesthetized male rats, trigeminal ganglia were explored extracellularly in vivo to identify the corneal neurons that can be activated by ocular stimuli important to lacrimation. After veri...

Bell's phenomenon is protective reflex in which the globe is turned upwards and slightly outwards during the eyelid closure to avoid corneal exposure. In Inverse Bell's phenomenon, the eye moves downward instead of upward, this may be seen in the normal population, patients with Bell's palsy or following conjunctival scarring. We hereby present the unusual complication of transient inversion of...

CERTAIN authors, such as Haab (1899), Kraupa (1924), and Walsh (1947), have suggested that there might be an inter-relation between certain diseases of the cornea and the condition of the corneal nerves. The diseases mentioned are recurrent erosion of the cornea, superficial punctate keratitis, herpetic keratitis, and certain forms of degeneration of the corneal epithelium. Neuroparalytic kerat...