BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE New immature neurons appear out of the germinative zone, in cortical Layers V to VI, after induced spreading depression in the adult rat brain. Because neural progenitors have been isolated in the cortex, we set out to determine whether a subgroup of mature cells in the adult cortex has the potential to divide and generate neural precursors. METHODS We examined the expr...

Migraine is thought to be triggered by excessive neocortical neuronal excitability that leads to cortical spreading depression. In this issue of Neuron, Tottene et al. study a mouse model of familial hemiplegic migraine type 1, and provide evidence for the hyperactivity of P/Q-type calcium channel-mediated cortical glutamatergic synaptic transmission as an underlying mechanism for the susceptib...

how to cite this article: kazemi h, speckmann ej, gorji a. familial hemiplegic migraine and spreading depression. iran j child neurol. 2014 summer;8(3): 6-11.   abstract objective familial hemiplegic migraine (fhm) is an autosomal dominantly inherited subtype of migraine with aura, characterized by transient neurological signs and symptoms. typical hemiplegic migraine attacks start in the first...

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is associated with severe hypoperfusion in mice. Using minimally invasive multimodal optical imaging, we show that severe flow reductions during and after spreading depression are associated with a steep decline in cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen. Concurrent severe hemoglobin desaturation suggests that the oxygen metabolism becomes at least in part supply l...

Transgene spreading is a major concern in cultivating genetically modified (GM) corn. Cross-pollination may cause the spread of transgenes from GM cornfields to conventional fields. Occasionally, seed lot contamination, volunteers, mixing during sowing, harvest, and trade can also lead to transgene escape. Obviously, new biological confinement technologies are highly desired to mitigate transge...

Spreading depression (SD) propagates in cortical regions that are different in their morphological and functional characteristics. We tested whether the propagation pattern of spreading depression was different between parts of the cortex. In six adult rats, we recorded the ECoG by a 4 x 4 electrode array that covered parts of the frontal, parietal cortex and the cingulate cortex. Simultaneousl...

Familial hemiplegic migraine type 1, a monogenic migraine variant with aura, is linked to gain-of-function mutations in the CACNA1A gene encoding Ca(V)2.1 channels. The S218L mutation causes severe channel dysfunction, and paroxysmal migraine attacks can be accompanied by seizures, coma, and hemiplegia; patients expressing the R192Q mutation exhibit hemiplegia only. Familial hemiplegic migraine...

Change of local cerebral blood flow in response to a single cortical spreading depression of Leão was studied in the brain. During a spreading depression, potassium briefly accumulates in the brain extracellular space. The cortical blood flow was normal during the maximal rate of increase of the extracellular potassium concentration. The blood flow doubled during the subsequent period of normal...

Migraine is a common, disabling, and undertreated episodic brain disorder that is more common in women than in men. Unbiased genome-wide association studies have identified 13 migraine-associated variants pointing at genes that cluster in pathways for glutamatergic neurotransmission, synaptic function, pain sensing, metalloproteinases, and the vasculature. The individual pathogenetic contributi...