Satellite constellations present unique capabilities and opportunities to Earth orbiting and near-Earth scientific and communications missions, but also present new challenges to cost estimators. An effective and adaptive cost model is essential to successful mission design and implementation, and as Distributed Spacecraft Missions (DSM) become more common, cost estimating tools must become mor...

This paper proposes a methodology, Systems Cost Modeling (SCM), to evaluate the cost of complex systems with a large number of individual components and subsystems. Simple characteristics associated with each component are used as inputs to parametric estimates of fixed and variable costs, as well as process use time of relevant resources. These estimates are then used to calculate individual c...

road traffic accidents and the effects they subsequently incur are increasing dramatically, and estimating the cost of road traffic crashes could be a vital step in improving the recognition of this widespread problem. the main objective of this paper is to estimate the cost of road traffic crashes in iran using the human capital (hc) method. results of this study indicate that the cost of road...

In recent years, rapid development has been achieved in technologies and sensors related to autonomous driving assistive technologies. this study, low-cost light detection ranging (LiDAR) was used estimate leaf water content (LWC) by measuring LiDAR reflectance instead of morphological measurement (e.g., plant size), which is the conventional method. Experimental results suggest that reflection...