the conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. in this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. the idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...

The aim of both marketing theorists and resource-based view proponents is to explain the creation and the sustainability of competitive advantages.1 What has not been considered so far is the role of exploitation positions within the competitive game. The purpose of this article is to investigate the consequences of a strategy concerning the active creation of exploitation positions on the side...

one of the basic assumptions of management accounting illustrate that costschanges has a significance relationship with increasing and decreasing in the levelof activity, recently after being raised of sticky costs issue by anderson and hiscolleagues this assumption was discussed. it means increases in costs by increasingthe more activity level of reduction in costs is exchange for the reductio...

introduction ownership is an important element for sustainability development in natural resource management. rangelands vegetations are important factor for produce in traditional herding therefore recognition of different utilization methods and management of this vegetation resource production for animal grazing and rangelands condition is very important. so this research carried out in 2009...

In this article, a multi–armed bandit problem is studied in an explore–then–commit setting where the cost of pulling arm experimentation (exploration) phase may not be negligible. Identifying best after pure to exploit it once or for given finite number times goal problem. Applications are prevalent personalized health-care and financial investments frequency exploitation limited. setting, we o...

We propose a novel approach for statistical risk modeling of network attacks that lets an operator perform risk analysis using a data model and an impact model on top of an attack graph in combination with a statistical model of the attacker community exploitation skill. The data model describes how data flows between nodes in the network – how it is copied and processed by softwares and hosts ...

background hepatitis b infection is still the main cause of chronic liver disease in iran, which is associated with significant economic and social costs. objectives this study aimed to estimate the financial burden caused by chb infection and its complications in iran. results the total annual cost for the activate population of chb patients and for those receiving treatment at various disease...

Intraspecific cooperation and interspecific mutualism often feature an asymmetry in the scope for exploitation. We investigate the evolution of indirect reciprocity in an asymmetric game, loosely modelled on interactions between cleaner fishes and clients, in which 'actors' can choose to help or to exploit a 'recipient' that approaches them, while recipients can only choose whether or not to ap...

Metaheuristic algorithms are used to solve NP-hard optimization problems. These algorithms have two main components, i.e. exploration and exploitation, and try to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation to achieve the best possible near-optimal solution. The bat algorithm is one of the metaheuristic algorithms with poor exploration and exploitation. In this paper, exploration and ...