OBJECTIVE Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality and serves as an important marker for advanced systemic atherosclerosis accompanied by symptomatic or asymptomatic ischemia of the coronary, cerebral, and visceral vasculature. There are little published data on the use of health care resources and costs attributable to PAD. The objectives of th...

PURPOSE Prescription drug abuse has reached epidemic proportions. Nonmedical prescription opioid use carries increasingly high costs. Despite the need to cultivate efforts that are both effective and fiscally responsible, the cost-effectiveness of universal evidence-based-preventive-interventions (EBPIs) is rarely evaluated. This study explores the performance of these programs to reduce nonmed...

The purpose of this report is to present the results of analysis of actual glucosamine and/or chondroitin contents of several such products in the market place and to determine if they significantly deviate from their label claim. A total of fourteen products containing glucosamine sulfate and nine products containing chondroitin sulfate were evaluated. The amounts of glucosamine and chondroiti...

The purpose of this report is to present the results of analysis of actual glucosamine and/or chondroitin contents of several such products in the market place and to determine if they significantly deviate from their label claim. A total of fourteen products containing glucosamine sulfate and nine products containing chondroitin sulfate were evaluated. The amounts of glucosamine and chondroiti...

A study was undertaken in southern peninsular state of India, the Tamil Nadu State, to assess the farmers’ “Willingness to pay” (WTP) for receiving annual health care services to their dairy animals. The districts of the state were categorized as “Livestock developed” (LD) and “Livestock under developed” (LUD) based on initial base line developed. Contingent valuation (CV) approach was used to ...

Considering heuristic search for satisficing and cost-optimal planning, we introduce the notion of global safeness of a heuristic, a property weaker than the standard safeness, which we claim is better for heuristic search. We describe one concrete approach for creating globally safe and optimality preserving heuristics by exploiting information in the history of the search via a new form of in...

Based on case studies of several firms, accounting researchers have argued that traditional costing systems constructed using volume-related drivers understate the true costs of variety and other non-volume drivers. As a result, managers do not have appropriate information to make optimal tradeoffs between the costs and benefits of such strategic cost drivers. This supposed distortion in optima...

a large number of maritime claims, are entitled to a legal protection that is established at the time of creation of the claim and subsequently, maritime lien in favour of the creditor. national regulations of maritime liens, dates back to ancient laws and customs and in order to removing differences of theses regulations, some international conventions on unification of certain rules relating ...