Writing Windows NT device drivers can be a daunting task. Device drivers must be fully re-entrant, must use only limited resources and must be created with special development environments. Executing device drivers in user-mode offers significant coding advantages. User-mode device drivers have access to all user-mode libraries and applications. They can be developed using standard development ...

.............................................................................................................................. 1 Acknowledgements............................................................................................................. 1 1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................ 2 2.0 Introduction......

background pegylated interferon alfa plus ribavirin protocol is currently considered the most efficient hepatitis c treatment. however, no evidence of costs comparison among common viral genotypes has been published. objectives we aimed to assess core drivers of hepatitis c medical care costs and compare cost effectiveness of this treatment among patients infected by hepatitis c virus with geno...

Device drivers constitute a significant portion of an operating system’s source code. The effort to develop a new driver set is a sobering hurdle to the pursuit of novel operating system ventures. A practical solution is to reuse drivers, but this can contradict design goals in a new operating system. We offer a new approach to device-driver reuse, with a focus on promoting novel operating-syst...

BACKGROUND Safe and cost-effective programs for implementing early infant male circumcision (EIMC) in Africa need to be piloted. We present results on a relative cost analysis within a randomized noninferiority trial of EIMC comparing the AccuCirc device with Mogen clamp in Zimbabwe. METHODS Between January and June 2013, male infants who met inclusion criteria were randomized to EIMC through...

We consider the activity-based costing situation, in which for each of several comparable operational units, multiple cost drivers generate a single cost pool. Our study focuses on published data from a set of property tax collection offices, called rates departments, for the London metropolitan area. We define what may be called benchmark or most efficient costs per unit of driver. A principle...

Writing code to interact with external devices is inherently difficult, and the added demands of writing device drivers in C for kernel mode compounds the problem. This environment is complex and brittle, leading to increased development costs and, in many cases, unreliable code. Previous solutions to this problem ignore the cost of migrating drivers to a better programming environment and requ...