In June 1989, the JTC1 initiated the development of an International Standard, ISO/IEC 12207 [1], on software life cycle processes to fill a critical need. Since the "cottage" industry era of the late 1970's, software has been establishing itself as an integral part of many scientific and business disciplines. However, environments for developing and managing software have been proliferating fo...

The paper examines the economic role played by poor relief in early nineteenth-century England. A threeequation model is estimated to explain cross-parish variations in per capita relief expenditures, agricultural laborers' annual wage income, and unemployment rates. Relief expenditures are found to be related to crop mix, the political power of labor-hiring farmers, distance from London, and e...

Globalization has opened up more markets to manufacturers and generated exceeding pressure on them to provide high-quality products fast, economically, and with high level of adaptability. This pressure is more of an encumbrance to small manufacturing enterprises (SMEs). The paper explores a virtual manufacturing strategy that SMEs could adopt to maintain and gain competitiveness. Also, the pap...

Issue: Understanding the chemical composition of container glass is critical to recycling for a number of reasons. First, the chemistry has significant implications for managing the behavior of molten glass in any remelt application, from large-scale container manufacturing down to cottage-industry pressed glass. Second, the composition has important implications for evaluating health concerns ...

With the  t in place, the business of buying and selling reproductive tissues and services should have come to a screeching halt in Canada, especially given the penalties for breaking the law. The penalties include a ne of up to $500 000, imprisonment for up to 10 years, or both. This has not been the case, however. The legal prohibitions have largely been seen as nothing more than “paper ...

The healthcare system in the US is facing crucial challenges in delivering effective, efficient and high quality healthcare. These challenges are in part due to the volume of knowledge and information and their fragmentation across paper and heterogeneous clinical information systems. For instance, biomedical literature doubles every 19 years. AIDS literature in particular doubles every 22 mont...

Mathematical models were developed and evaluated for growth of psychrotolerant pseudomonads in chilled milk and in cottage cheese with cultured cream dressing. The mathematical models include the effect of temperature, pH, NaCl, lactic acid and sorbic acid. A simplified cardinal parameter growth rate model was developed based on growth in broth. Subsequently, the reference growth rate parameter...