We report an atypical presentation of Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with concomitant subhyaloid hemorrhage, engorged and tortuous retinal veins, intraretinal hemorrhages, and cotton wool spots in a 38-year-old female. Medical treatment was preferred to any invasive treatment. The subhyaloid hemorrhage resolved spontaneously and the patient recovered a visual acuity of 20/20 in her right eye 3...

Purtscher retinopathy (PR) is an occlusive vasculopathy of the retinal microvasculature that classically presents 24-48 hours after compressive chest trauma. Symptoms vary from mild to severe acute visual loss. Characteristic findings on fundus examination such as flecken, cotton wool spots, and hemorrhages may also be found. Here, we discuss a case due

The ocular complications of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) include: (1) a noninfectious microangiopathy, most often seen in the retina, consisting of cotton-wool spots with or without intraretinal hemorrhages and other microvascular abnormalities; (2) opportunistic ocular infections, primarily cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis; (3) conjunctival, eyelid, or orbital involvement by those...

BACKGROUND/AIM In the treatment of hepatitis C, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence advocates use of a combination of interferon alfa and ribavirin for selected patients. Retinopathy is a well recognised side effect of interferon therapy and is characterised by retinal haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, and macular oedema. The aim of this study was to document the incidence and natural...

Cotton-wool spots and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis are seen frequently in AIDS patients. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the retina has been proposed as a mechanism for the high incidence of retinal pathology. An autopsy study of the eyes from 25 consecutive cases of AIDS was performed using gross examination, light microscopy, trypsin digestion of retinal vasculatures, and i...

Three patients with acute lymphatic leukaemia developed visual impairment due to occlusion of small retinal vessels with multiple cotton wool spots after treatment which included whole body and skull irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation and cyclosporin A. Withdrawal of cyclosporin A and treatment with corticosteroids was followed by recovery of visual acuity. This retinopathy and...