Cranial defects occur most commonly as a sequelae to trauma, the incidence being as high as 70%. The successful management of a case of trauma in an emergency situation requires quick evacuation of the hematoma, repair of the dura, and the scalp but not necessarily the integrity of the calvarial segment as an immediate measure. So the reconstruction of the calvarial defect in these cases is mos...

OBJECTIVES To develop a sensitive clinical decision rule with a high negative predictive value for the use of cranial computed tomography (CT) in minor pediatric head trauma, to identify clinical features predictive of neurosurgical intervention, and to assess clinicians' predictive abilities to determine the presence or absence of intracranial injury based on history and physical examination a...

Four days after cranial trauma, a 41-year-old man presented with fever, headache, confusion, and neck stiffness. He had received antibiotics in an outside hospital for these symptoms. There was no history of CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea or chronic suppurative otitis media. He underwent cranial diffusion weighted MRI (Figures 1A & 1B), post contrast T1 weighted image (Figure 1C), apparent diffusio...

Cranial nerve lesions often accompany head trauma. Olfactory, facial and vestibular nerves are the most commonly injured nerves. Optic and oculomotor nerve injuries are less frequently involved, and trigeminal, abducens and lower cranial nerves are rarely involved. The injury may occur in central nervous system or in the lower motor unit. Traumatic bilateral abducens paralysis is a very rare oc...

Repairing critical human skull injuries requires the production and use of customized cranial implants and involves the integration of computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD and CAM). The main causes for large cranial defects are trauma, cranial tumors, infected craniotomy bone flaps and external neurosurgical decompression. The success of reconstructive cranial surgery depends upon: the ...

air in the intracranial vascular compartment is rare and only few case reports are published in the literature. without surgery or open head trauma, the origin of air bubbles in the venous sinus is still debated. we report an admitted patient in the emergency room one hour after a severe closed head injury, and in whom, the post-surgical cranial ct scan demonstrated feature of air embolism alon...

The mandibular condyle region which protects the middle cranial fossa from facial and jaw traumas has an excellent osteomuscular structure. Condylar structures reduce or limit the force of trauma. Most importantly, the condylar neck is the weakest part of the mandible and is easily fractured without dislocation. Generally, this mechanism prevents condylar penetration into the middle cranial fos...