Lenders experience positive net revenue impacts from lending if they increase the classification power of their credit scoring systems. If loan officers’ subjective assessments of otherwise intangible borrower characteristics contain additional information about a borrower, a lender may improve the default forecast quality of his internal credit scoring systems by utilizing this subjective info...

This chapter provides a detailed discussion of the evidence on housing and mortgage lending, as well as the potential impacts of such discrimination on minority outcomes like homeownership and neighborhood environment. The paper begins by discussing conceptual issues surrounding empirical analyses of discrimination including explanations for why discrimination takes place, defining different fo...

Self-assessed measures of health using Likert-type scales are widely used to assess the health and well-being of populations, and are a feature of household surveys throughout the world. However, the self-reported and subjective nature of these measures means that different people will inherently respond in different ways a concept known as reporting heterogeneity. In this paper we consider two...

Police sexual misconduct encompasses a range of behaviours: from sexually inappropriate language directed towards colleagues or members the public to engaging in relationships with vulnerable public. All types police are thought be under-reported, part because ‘blue wall silence’ where officers fail report colleagues’ wrongdoing for reasons loyalty and fear retribution. A sample 382 English wer...

OBJECTIVE To review the effectiveness and safety of clinical officers (healthcare providers trained to perform tasks usually undertaken by doctors) carrying out caesarean section in developing countries compared with doctors. DESIGN Systematic review with meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, BioMed Central, the Reproductive Hea...