BAL5788 is a water-soluble prodrug of BAL9141, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin with high levels of in vitro activity against methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant streptococci. In plasma BAL5788 is rapidly converted to BAL9141. We studied the activity of BAL5788 in a mouse model of acute pneumococcal pneumonia. Leukopenic female Swiss albino mice were c...

Thermodynamic parameters describing the phage 434 Cro protein have been determined by calorimetry and, independently, by far-UV circular dichroism (CD) measurements of isothermal urea denaturations and thermal denaturations at fixed urea concentrations. These equilibrium unfolding transitions are adequately described by the two-state model. The far-UV CD denaturation data yield average temperat...

By assaying the binding of wild-type Cro to a set of 40 mutant lambda operators in vivo, we have determined that the 14 outermost base pairs of the 17 base pair, consensus lambda operator are critical for Cro binding. Cro protein recognizes 4 base pairs in a lambda operator half-site in different ways than cI repressor. The sequence determinants of Cro binding at these critical positions in viv...

The mode of interaction of Cro repressor with specific and nonspecific sites on DNA was explored by chemical modification and protection of lysine and tyrosine residues. Cro has 8 lysines. In the presence of DNA, lysines 32 and 56 are fully protected and lysines 21, 62, and 63 are partially protected from alkylation. However, the terminal amino group and lysines 8, 18, and 39 are not protected....

The mechanism of action of cro protein was probed by measuring its ability to protect DNA against methylation by dimethyl sulfate and its effect on transcription in vitro. The cro protein binds to the same three sites in the right operator (OR) of bacteriophage lambda DNA as does the lambda repressor. Dimethyl sulfate protection experiments reveal major groove contacts for both proteins, and cr...

In this paper, an application of a hybrid Chemical Reaction Optimization (CRO) algorithm with adaptive Differential Evolution (DE) mutation strategies for training Higher Order Neural Networks (HONNs), especially the Pi-Sigma Network (PSN) is presented. Contrasting to traditional CRO algorithms, the reactant size (population size) remains fixed throughout all iterations, which makes it easier t...

Complementary electrostatic interactions between negatively charged B-DNA and a positively charged array on the lambda Cro repressor protein are shown to substantially contribute to the formation energy of sequence-specific and nonspecific Cro-DNA complexes. The electrostatic interactions favor Cro binding to a bent form of DNA, a geometry which optimizes hydrogen-bonding contacts between Cro a...

The structure and surface composition of binary oxides consisting of CrO(x) and VO(x) dispersed on alumina and their effects on the rate and selectivity of oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane were examined and compared with those for CrO(x) and VO(x) dispersed on alumina. VO(x) deposition on an equivalent CrO(x) monolayer on alumina and deposition of CrO(x) on an equivalent monolayer of ...

A robust selection system affording phage display of the DNA-binding helix-turn-helix protein Cro is presented. The aim of the work was to construct an experimental system allowing for the construction and isolation of Cro-derived protein with new DNA-binding properties. A derivative of the phage lambda Cro repressor, scCro8, in which the protein subunits had been covalently connected via a pep...