The density and spatial distribution of oxide precipitates within a crystalline silicon wafer is of paramount importance for microelectronic device yield. In this letter, the authors show how the formation of previously unconsidered, very small vacancy aggregates can explain macroscopic spatial variations in the oxide precipitate density, which are observed following certain rapid thermal annea...

background: interaction between local anesthetic solution, lidocaine hydrochloride (with and without adrenaline), and root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (naocl), ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (edta), and chlorhexidine (chx) has not been studied earlier. hence, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the chemical interaction between 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (with ...

When the off-gas from an aerobic culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae M426 grown in the absence of added heavy metals was passed through a solution of Hg(2+), Cd(2+), Pb(2+), or Cu(2+) a yellow-white (Hg), white (Cd, Pb), or blue (Cu) precipitate was formed. Metal removal from solution was >97% within 2 h at initial concentrations of (as metal): Hg, 8.5; Cd, 12.6; Pb, 7.8; Cu, 9.5 mg/mL. Mercury wa...

Adv. Mater. 2008, 20, 1–4 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag Gmb A T IO N Fundamental understanding of composition variations and morphology in the nanoscale is essential to the design of advanced materials. Partial crystallization or devitrification of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) results in novel microstructures, with high density (10–10m ) nanocrystalline precipitates evenly distributed in a glassy matri...

Besides x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and transition electron microscopy (TEM), 3-dimensional focused ion beam (3D-FIB) combined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is an additional method to investigate the transition metal distribution in crystalline silicon material leading to additional information on the 3D shape, size and distribution of precipitates. The 3D-FIB method has been used to inv...

Stimulating the microbially-mediated precipitation of uranium biominerals may be used to treat groundwater contamination at nuclear sites. The majority of studies to date have focussed on the reductive precipitation of uranium as U(IV) by U(VI)- and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria such as Geobacter and Shewanella species, although other mechanisms of uranium removal from solution can occur, including...

When calcium and phosphate ions were mixed so that their final concentration was 4 mmol/1 and the pH was kept at 7-0, an amorphous precipitate immediately formed and this changed into crystalline material with an apatite-like structure after a period of time. The formation of either or both types of precipitate could be slowed down or prevented by adding to the crystallising medium trace amount...

The stress-driven motion of dislocations in crystalline solids, and thus the ensuing plastic deformation process, is greatly influenced by the presence or absence of various pointlike defects such as precipitates or solute atoms. These defects act as obstacles for dislocation motion and hence affect the mechanical properties of the material. Here we combine molecular dynamics studies with three...