Oil palm biomass, namely empty fruit bunch and frond fiber, were pretreated using a planetary ball mill. Particle sizes and crystallinity index values of the oil palm biomass were significantly reduced with extended ball mill processing time. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by the generation of glucose, xylose, and total sugar conversion yields from the pretreatment process compared to t...

This research relates to the cellulosic fibres of treated deinked Mixed Office Waste (MOW) paper and is directed particularity to a method for improving the wet strength of recycled paper. The effect of chemical treatment of fibre was investigated. Fibres were treated with 6 and 10% Succinic Acid (SA), with 3% and 5% catalysts (based on the total weight of fibres). The catalysts used for this r...

a fourth-generation ziegler-natta catalyst was prepared to synthesize polypropylene (pp), which was stabilized by in situ polymerization employing lignin as antioxidant. the antioxidant properties of lignin were compared with those of the commercial antioxidant irganox 1010. the presence of lignin in the reaction medium slightly decreased the catalytic activity of the reaction. the isotacticity...

Three stages of thermal and chemical processing of Vycor glass were carried out. Raw material, the glass with small and big pores was studied. In each stage of study various crystallinity degrees of investigated material were obtained. The relation between crystallinity degree and the intensity of o-Ps components was determined. In nonporous material a high correlation between o-Ps intensity an...

The ease with which modern plastics can be injection molded makes them very suitable for the production of many different products and, today, are often used as substitutes metal. Polypropylene (PP) is one most widely thermoplastics globally since it useful, cost-effective and flexible molding. However, amount harm to environment caused by plastic waste has become phenomenal recycling a serious...

Three experiments demonstrate that infra-red spectroscopic measures of bone mineral crystallinity are partially dependent upon sample preparation methods. Intensive grinding of bone samples for Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopic analysis results in a net decrease in splitting factor (SF), a common measure of apatite crystallinity. If grinding is overly intensive, SF measurement ma...

We present a new perspective on the crystallinity of dust in protoplanetary disks. The dominant crystallization by thermal annealing happens in the very early phases of disk formation and evolution. Both the disk properties and the level of crystallinity are thereby directly linked to the properties of the molecular cloud core from which the star+disk system was formed. We show that, under the ...

Of the recently developed univariate and multivariate near-IR FT-Raman methods for estimating cellulose crystallinity, the former method was applied to a variety of lignocelluloses: softwoods, hardwoods, wood pulps, and agricultural residues/fibers. The effect of autofluorescence on the crystallinity estimation was minimized by solvent extraction or chemical treatment or both. Additionally, whe...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the crystallographic characteristics of 3 sets of plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings prepared with different degrees of crystallinity on Ti-6Al-4V substrates. X-ray diffraction analyses were performed on the coatings to determine mean percent crystallinity, calcium phosphate phases present, average crystallite size, and residual strain. The ...

We present an effective and sensitive method of analyzing the condition of silk following laser cleaning. New silk samples were analysed; two sets were soiled with carbon black before laser cleaning and two sets were left unsoiled. Samples were exposed to laser cleaning at a wavelength of 532 nm and a fluence of 1.5 J/cm2 for 4, 16 and 64 pulses. Two sample sets were also treated at fluence lev...