Leishmaniasis has been of concern to the U.S. military and has re-emerged in importance because of recent deployments to the Middle East. We conducted a retrospective probabilistic risk assessment for military personnel potentially exposed to insecticides during the “Leishmaniasis Control Plan” (LCP) undertaken in 2003 at Tallil Air Base, Iraq. We estimated acute and subchronic risks from resme...

The efficiency of solar heterogeneous TiO2 photocatalysis and homogeneous photo-Fenton reaction for removal of Lambda Cyhalothrin, Chlorpyrifos and Diazinon from pesticide wastewater industry was investigated. The effluent quality was not complying for discharge into sewerage network. Therefore, adsorption of the remaining portions of pesticides using powdered activated carbon (PAC) was assesse...

1. Bees are exposed to pesticides when foraging in agricultural areas and growing evidence suggests that such compounds can be harmful to managed and wild populations. Given the economic and ecological importance of bees, and the evidence of widespread population declines, the full impacts of pesticides and their interactions with other stressors in the environment need to be investigated. 2. H...

Tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), poses severe threats to sustainable tomato production globally with a high capacity develop resistance pesticides. Recently, the management programs for this cosmopolitan pest have relied on combinations of chemical insecticides which exacerbate problems cross-resistance and adverse environmental effects. A novel concept int...

Drainage ditches are indispensable components of the agricultural production landscape. A benefit of these ditches is contaminant mitigation of agricultural storm runoff. This study determined bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin (two pyrethroid insecticides) partitioning and retention in ditch water, sediment, and plant material as well as estimated necessary ditch length required for effective m...

Distribution and importance of woolly whitefly (Aleurothrixus floccosus) (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), was studied in Ethiopia with an evaluation of treatments against it. Results showed that the pest is distributed in most citrus-growing parts of the country equally infesting all types of citrus crops. Only one pupal parasitoid, Amitus sp., was recorded at Melkaoba. During 2006-2007, eig...

The recent spread of the African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae, one vectors devastating disease, Huanglongbing (HLB), to parts mainland Europe has created considerable concern. In this study, we show efficacy several insecticides with varying modes action on different developmental stages T. erytreae. laboratory trials, spinetoram caused highest mortality in erytreae eggs (between 80 and 90%)...

In March 1990 a study was carried out in the village of Kicheba, United Republic of Tanzania, in which the pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin was sprayed on all the internal surfaces of houses and other shelters at a coverage of about 25 mg of active ingredient per m2. Every day for 6 days, 12 spraymen and 3 squad-leaders were interviewed about symptoms of overexposure to the insecticide...

Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, were collected from commercial onion fields in 2001, 2002 and 2003 to assess resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and diazinon. In 2001, six of eight adult populations were resistant to lambda-cyhalothrin, with resistance ratios (RR) ranging from 2 to 13.1 and four of these were also resistant to deltamethrin, with RR ranging from 19.3 to 120. Thr...

BACKGROUND Malaria burden is high in Nigeria, yet information on the major mosquito vectors is lacking especially in the Sudan savannah region of the country. In order to facilitate the design of future insecticide-based control interventions in the region, this study has established the resistance profile of An. gambiae s.l. populations in two northern Nigeria locations and assessed the contri...