Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (cytochrome P450s), found in virtually all living organisms, play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics such as drugs, pesticides, and plant toxins. We have previously evaluated the responses of the oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) to the pyrethroid insecticide deltamethrin and revealed that increased cytochrome P450 enzyme activity was ...

A new detection mechanism has been developed for low molecular weight substrate binding to heme proteins based on resonance localized surface plasmon spectroscopy. Cytochrome P450 has strong electronic transitions in the visible wavelength region. Upon binding of a substrate molecule (e.g., camphor), the absorption band of cytochrome P450 shifts to shorter wavelength. The event of camphor bindi...

Some fruit juices and fruits can interact with numerous drugs, in many cases causing adverse. These chemicals inhibit key drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4).. .. Covera HS, Isoptin SR, Verelan); Warfarin (coumadin); Zolpidem (Ambien): Little or no interaction with grapefruit juice. The aim of this study was to identify the form(s) of cytochrome P450 (CYP) responsibl...

Voriconazole is an effective antifungal drug, but adverse drug-drug interactions associated with its use are of major clinical concern. To identify the mechanisms of these interactions, we tested the inhibitory potency of voriconazole with eight human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Isoform-specific probes were incubated with human liver microsomes (HLMs) (or expressed CYPs) and cofactors in the...

beauveria spp. as entomopathogenic fungi have extremely diverse insect host ranges.here, a comparative transcript analysis of a bassiasin i (bsni), a dipeptidyl peptidase (dpp), a cytochrom p450 monooxygenase (cyp52), a mitogen activated protein kinase (mapk), and a neuronal calcium sensor 1 (ncs) in two isolates of beauveria bassiana., with low and high virulence, were carried out. for this, i...

chloroacetaldehyde (caa) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). in this research, the cytotoxic mechanisms of caa in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated.caa cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen spec...

many studies have shown that mycotoxin contamination of agricultural products is a challenge for individual's health espe­cially in developing countries. improper production and storage of foods, prepare conditions for aflatoxin production in crops, especially rice, wheat, pistachio, walnut, almond, etc which are the main sources of foods for people. feeding live­stock by contaminated bread is ...

Caffeine and 7,8-benzoflavone activate CYP3A2 in rat liver microsomes. Both activators appear to enhance enzyme activity by an increase in Vmax and to a lesser extent a decrease in Km. Additive effect studies demonstrated that the two activators oppose one another's effect. Electron transfer steps in the cytochrome P450 cycle are involved in the mechanism of cytochrome P450 activation, as indic...