Background : Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common mucosal ulcerative of oral cavity. Role of immune system, especially cytokines in immunopathogenesis of aphthous stomatitis was not highly considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of salivary cytokines, including VEGF-R3, TGF-&beta1, TNF-&alpha, and IL-17A/F in patients with RAS in two clinical stages...

background: type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm) and periodontitis are infl ammatory conditions with a bidirectional association. this pilot study aimed to evaluate whether t2dm and glycemic control interfere in infl ammatory markers profi les in gingival crevicular fl uid (gcf) in periodontitis patients. materials and methods: fourteen diabetic periodontitis patients were enrolled in this study, se...

Background: In addition to humoral immunity associated with anti-desmoglein antibodies, cellular immunity and mediators including cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of pemphigus vulgaris. In this study we evaluated the level of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, and IL-10 in the sera of patients with pemphigus vulgaris before and after treatment.Methods: A total number of 71 new patients with pe...

neuroinflammation is inflammation of the nervous tissue. it be initiated in response to infection, toxic metabolites, auto immunity, traumatic brain injury and variety of causes. exercise is a promising mechanism of prevention and treatment for disease characterized by neuroinflammation. the benefits of exercise and physical activity (pa) are well known and have effects on function of the centr...

Neuroinflammation is inflammation of the nervous tissue. It be initiated in response to infection, toxic metabolites, auto immunity, traumatic brain injury and variety of causes. Exercise is a promising mechanism of prevention and treatment for disease characterized by neuroinflammation. The benefits of exercise and physical activity (PA) are well known and have effects on function of the centr...

Demonstrated use of SimoaTM technology to measure cyto‐ kines in both singleplex and multiplex configurations with excellent precision and limits of detection in the low fg/mL or sub–fg/mL levels, allowing robust quantification well below what is possible today. Introduction Cytokines serve as central communicators for the immune system. Maintaining the delicate balance in th...

Many complicated mechanisms are involved in brain ischemia and the role of inflammatory factors in the progression of post-ischemic injury is inevitable. In present study, anti-inflammatory effect of berberine has been investigated in reperfusion injury after acute ischemic stroke. Male Wistar rats weighing 250-270 gr were randomly divided into four cohorts: healthy rats (control, n=20), sham-o...

Th1 lymphocytes produce cytokines such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, TNF-β and GM-CSF. IFN-γ is the most important Th1 cell cytokine that induces the production of IgG, activation of macrophages, enhancing phagocytosis, and also increasing MHC class I and class II molecules. Increasing serum level of Th1 cytokines have also been observed in MS patients. It has also been prov...