Absract: Reproductive health problems are one of the most important problems that affect the production and productivity of dairy cows. Dystocia is also one of the reproductive health problems that cause considerable economic loss to the dairy industry. The main aims of this manuscript were to review risk factors and economic impact of dystocia in dairy cows. Dystocia is also defined as prolong...

The tropics is not an ideal location for calf rearing as the high temperatures and humidities introduce many potential disease problems to milk fed calves. In addition, the type of dairy farming (generally poorly resourced small holder farming) and the general lack of awareness of the long term implications of poorly reared stock do not encourage farmers to pay close attention to their calf and...


 Pre-weaned beef and dairy calves that fail to receive mater­nal antibodies are more susceptible disease. A systematic review meta-analysis were performed evaluate the as­sociation between failed transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) disease in pre-weaned calves. Three data­bases searched for relevant studies evaluated diagnosed with FTPI at ≤8 days age recorded incidence pre-weaning. Twent...

Dairy calves are extremely susceptible to gastro-intestinal disease during the pre-weaned period. The risk for enteric disease decreases as the calf ages; therefore, it is important to break the pre-weaned period up into at least two distinct phases that likely need to be managed differently, early life (first couple weeks of life) and the remaining time the calf is fed milk or milk replacer. W...

A prospective cohort study was undertaken on two central California dairies, A and B, to estimate prevalence of congenital infection with Neospora caninum, to characterize temporal variation in prevalence, to determine if occurrence of congenital infection was associated with specific dam and calf attributes, and to estimate the effect of congenital infection on calfhood mortality. Of the 405 c...

In laboratory studies performed in the United States and Hungary, the dump fly Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) was reared successfully in manure of 1- to 8-wk-old dairy calves, and in manure from adult lactating dairy cows. Survival in manure collected from 1-wk-old calves was poor (7.2%), better in manure collected from 2- and 3-wk-old calves (53.5%), and best in manure collected from 4- to 8-...

In laboratory studies performed in the United States and Hungary, the dump ßy Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann) was reared successfully in manure of 1to 8-wk-old dairy calves, and inmanure from adult lactating dairy cows. Survival in manure collected from 1-wk-old calves was poor (7.2%), better in manure collected from 2and 3-wk-old calves (53.5%), and best in manure collected from 4to 8-wk-old c...