The main purpose of the dam is to control the surface streams and rivers across the country. Dam construction and formation of river and big water reservoirs and resources happen in the glen is a big incident which would change its surrounding area considerably. In fact, constructing a dam the glen width is close and fishes don't migrate from upstream to downstream and ultimately it would led t...

D are structures designed by humans to capture water and modify the magnitude and timing of its movement downstream. The damming of streams and rivers has been integral to human population growth and technological innovation. Among other things, dams have reduced flood hazard and allowed humans to settle and farm productive alluvial soils on river floodplains; they have harnessed the power of m...

The objective of the presented study was to develop a high-temporal-resolution stochastic rainwater harvesting (RWH) model for assessing dual benefits RWH: potable water savings and runoff reduction. Model inputs rainfall demand are used in manner, maintaining their natural pattern, while generating realistic noise temporal variability. dynamic solves mass-balance equation tank, logging all inf...

[1] We report original data on nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes from two tropical reservoirs, their rivers below the dam, and from natural aquatic ecosystems and rainforest soils in French Guiana and Panama. We also review published N2O fluxes from other tropical reservoirs and natural environments. We show that: (1) N2O emissions from tropical reservoirs occur mainly at the reservoir surface, fluxes...

The damming of rivers represents one of the most far-reaching human modifications of the flows of water and associated matter from land to sea. Dam reservoirs are hotspots of sediment accumulation, primary productivity (P) and carbon mineralization (R) along the river continuum. Here we show that for the period 1970-2030, global carbon mineralization in reservoirs exceeds carbon fixation (P<R);...

abstract area-reduction method is one of the most common experimental methods that determines the sediment distribution in reservoirs. in this method, reservoirs are geometrically divided into four types. for all reservoir types, parameters are achieved based on a limited number of reservoirs which leads to large scale errors for prediction of this method. so suitable parameters can be achieved...