E nvironmentalists often go to great lengths to block the construction of new dams because dams interfere with fish migration, inundate terrestrial habitats, and interrupt natural flows that are necessary for critical ecosystem processes. However, few environmental issues are so simplistically black and white, and dams are no exception. Dams can be an important source of clean energy and for po...

Check-dams are the most common structures for controlling soil erosion in the Loess Plateau. However, the effect of check-dams on carbon sequestration, along with sediment transport and deposition, has not been assessed over large areas. In this study, we evaluated the carbon sequestration function of check-dams in the Loess Plateau. The results indicate that there were approximately 11 000 che...

Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to chlorpyrifos (CPF; O,O-diethyl-O-[3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinyl] phosphorothioate) by gavage (in corn oil) from gestation day (GD) 6 to postnatal day (PND) 10. Dosages to the dams were 0 (control), 0.3 (low), 1.0 (middle) or 5.0 mg/kg/day (high). On GD 20 (4 h post gavage), the blood CPF concentration in fetuses was about one half the level found in th...

Angus x Hereford heifers (15 mo and artificially inseminated to a single sire) were used to evaluate the effect of prenatal nutritional restriction on postnatal growth and development. At d 32 of gestation, dams were stratified by BW and BCS and allotted to a low-nutrition [55% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 10] or moderate-nutrition [100% of NRC (1996) requirements, n = 10] diet. After 83 d o...

Abstract Spacing between check dams depends on the stream bed slope, effective height of check dams and slope of deposited sediments behind the check dams. The slope of deposited sediments is more important than the other two factors because of complications in the way of its occurrence and its measurement after several years of dam construction. This research presents the effective factors a...

Available evidence indicates that infants, for the most part, acquire their oral flora, in particular Streptococcus mutans, from their mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of rampant caries in rat dams on subsequent caries activity in their offspring. Rampant caries was induced by surgical desalivation of four dams, and subsequent infection with Streptococcus sobrinus 67...

The effects of twinning, dystocia, retained placenta, and body weight on postpartum reproduction were evaluated for 3,370 single and 1,014 twin births. Females were bred by AI for 40 d followed by 20 or 30 d of natural service with equal numbers bred and calved in spring and fall. Percentage of dams cyclic by the end of the AI period was lower (P<.05) for dams birthing and nursing a single calf...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Changes in nutritional status during gestation and lactation have detrimental effects on offspring metabolism. Several animal studies have shown that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) can predispose the offspring to development of obesity and metabolic diseases, however the mechanisms underlying these transgenerational effects are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the e...