Rarely have studies assessed Odonata diversity for the entire Nearctic realm by including Canada, United States, and Mexico. For first time, we explored in this region according to a definition of natural community assemblages generated species distribution models (SDMs). Species occurrence data were assembled reviewing databases specimens held significant repositories through an extensive sear...

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Host-parasite interactions are an intriguing part of ecology, and understanding how hosts are able to withstand parasitic attacks, e.g. by allocating resources to immune defence, is important. Damselflies and dragonflies show a variety of parasitism patterns, but large-scale comparative immune defence studies are rare, and it is difficult to say what the interplay is between their immune defenc...

Ecologists have hypothesized that the exponent of species-area power functions (z value) should increase with trophic level. The main explanation for this pattern has been that specialist predators require prior colonization of a patch by their prey, resulting in a compounding of the effects of area up trophic levels. We propose two novel explanations, neither of which assumes trophic coupling ...

The damselflies Hetaerininae, a subfamily of Calopterygidae, comprise four genera distributed from North to South America: Hetaerina, Mnesarete, Ormenophlebia and Bryoplathanon. While several studies have focused on the intriguing behavioral morphological modifications within little evolutionary history group is well understood. Understanding biogeographical Hetaerininae further complicated by ...

The enemy release hypothesis (ERH) predicts that the spread of (invasive) species will be facilitated by release from their enemies as they occupy new areas. However, the ERH is rarely tested on native (non-invasive, long established) species with expanding or shifting ranges. I tested the ERH for a native damselfly (Enallagma clausum) whose range has recently expanded in western Canada, with r...

Immunity and reproductive effort are both physiologically costly and often a trade-off between these functions has been shown. In studies with damselflies, parasite load has been associated with fitness costs, such as reductions in mating success, male condition, and survival. Although each individual may be simultaneously infected by various parasite species, most studies have concentrated on ...

Climate change is rising up many agendas, from over-arching politics to detailed and focused research. The anthropogenic input of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is well documented and evidence is already building that the earth's climate is warming but the impact of this and future changes remain uncertain, particularly in higher latitudes where changes may be mor...

In polymorphic damselflies discrimination of females from males is complex owing to the presence of androchrome and gynochrome females. To date there is no evidence that damselflies use sensory modalities other than vision (and tactile stimuli) in mate searching and sex recognition. The results of the present behavioural and electrophysiological investigations on Ischnura elegans, a polymorphic...