ABSTRACT Crispin Wright has given an explanation of how a first time warrant can fall short of transmitting across a known entailment. Formal epistemologists have struggled to turn Wright’s informal explanation into cogent Bayesian reasoning. In this paper, I analyse two Bayesian models of Wright’s account respectively proposed by Samir Okasha and Jake Chandler. I argue that both formalizations...

Forward integration has been explained both as a method of achieving monopoly power and as a source of greater efficiency [6, 16]. An efficiency perspective underpins the work of Chandler and Williamson who regard vertical integration, particularly into distribution, as a crucial step in the creation and success of large firms. While their views have moved closer, Chandler and Williamson emphas...