The leaf beetle Diorhabda elongata Brullé subspecies deserticola Chen, collected in northwestern China, has been released in the western United States to control tamarisk (Tamarix spp.). While beetle establishment and saltcedar defoliation have been noted at northern study sites, this species has not established at latitudes south of the 38th parallel. Critical daylength for diapause induction ...

Photoperiod is the proximate cue which times the reproductive period of the sheep and the role of daylength as a "zeitgeber" is evaluated in this report. Although sheep are regarded as a short-day breeding species, the reproductive period of the Suffolk ewe begins on daylengths which are on average 2.5 hours longer than those on which it ends. The reasons for this apparent anomaly are considere...

Gonads of brahminy myna (Sturnus pagodarum) spontaneously regress in July/August when the daylength is still stimulatory. Experiments were conducted to investigate if photoperiod was involved in the timing of gonadal regression and if photorefractoriness terminated the breeding season in this species. The observations obtained in the present study clearly show that: i) increasing photoperiods o...

Secretion of all the pituitary hormones undergoes marked circadian and seasonal changes. The rhythmicity of these changes is controlled by the circadian pacemaker system and the pineal gland transmitting daylength information to the neuroendocrine axis via the secretion of melatonin. This article presents data on the effects of the short-term melatonin administration into the third brain ventri...

Temperate zone organisms measure changes in daylength to adapt to seasonal changes in their environment. Recent studies have revealed that the long day (LD)-induced thyrotropin (TSH) in the pars tuberalis (PT) of the pituitary gland act as a master factor regulating seasonal reproduction on the the ependymal cells (ECs) within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) to induce expression of type 2 dei...

Fall dormancy (FD) determines the adaptation of an alfalfa variety and affects alfalfa production and quality. However, the molecular mechanism underlying FD remains poorly understood. Here, 44 genes regulating FD were identified by comparison of the transcriptomes from leaves of Maverick (fall-dormant alfalfa) and CUF101(non-fall-dormant), during FD and non-FD and were classified them dependin...

WALLACE, D. R., and C. R. SULLIVAN. 1974. Photoperiodism in the early balsam strain of the Neodiprion abietis complex (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). Can. J. Zool. 52: 507-513. The early balsam strain of the Neodiprion abietis complex does not have a photoperiodically controlled, prepupal diapause occurring during the summer in its normal, univoltine life cycle. This is the first Instance we have f...