The calculus of binary relations was introduced by De Morgan in 1860, and was subsequently greatly developed by Peirce and Schröder. Half a century later Tarski, Jónsson, Lyndon, and Monk further developed the calculus from the perspective of modern model theory.

Importance weighted averaging aggregation operators play a key role in utilizations of electronic data and information resources for retrieving, fusing, and extracting information and knowledge, as needed for decision making. Two central issues in the choice of such operators are the kind of importance weighting and the andness (or conjunction degree) of the operator. We present and discuss two...

lCf. John Woods and Douglas Walton, "Ad Hominem", The Philosophical Forum, 1977. These authors distinguish three different types of tu quoque, only one of which is tu quoque in the sense I attend to here. They refer to this type as involving "deontic-praxiological inconsistency", say that it can sometimes constitute a good argument which will successfully shift the burden of proof, and report a...

In this note we show that every de Morgan algebra is isomorphic to a two-subset algebra, 〈P,⊔,⊓,∼, 0P , 1P 〉, where P is a set of pairs (X,Y ) of subsets of a set I, (X,Y )⊔(X , Y ) = (X∩X , Y ∪Y ), (X,Y )⊓(X , Y ) = (X ∪ X , Y ∩ Y ), ∼ (X,Y ) = (Y,X), 1P = (∅, I), and 0P = (I, ∅). This characterization generalizes a previous result that applied only to a special type of de Morgan algebras call...

An outbreak of small angiomatous lesions with the same clinical and histological features as Campbell de Morgan spots in adults is described. No infective agent was discovered, but their number was found to increase as the ambient temperature rose.

—In [2], I. B. Turksen looked at the Booleandisjunctive normal form of a term in two variables and the Boolean-conjunctive normal form of that term. He concluded that “for some cases of certain families,” when these forms are interpreted in a De Morgan system by replacing the meet by a t-norm and the join by the dual t-conorm, the disjunctive normal form is contained in the conjunctive normal f...

An algebra A is said to be congruence coherent if every subalgebra of A that contains a class of some congruence θ on A is a union of θ-classes. This property has been investigated in several varieties of lattice-based algebras. These include, for example, de Morgan algebras, p-algebras, double p-algebras, and double MS-algebras. Here we determine precisely when the property holds in the class ...

A simplified proof of Thorp and Walden’s fundamental theorem of card counting is presented, and a corresponding central limit theorem is established. Results are applied to the casino game of trente et quarante, a game studied by Poisson and De Morgan.

In this paper we give a characterization of all the interpretations of the varieties of bounded distributive lattices, De Morgan algebras and Lukasiewicz algebras of order m in the variety of Lukasiewicz algebras of order n. In the case of distributive lattices we give a structure theorem that is generalized to De Morgan algebras and to Lukasiewicz algebras of order m. In the last two cases we ...

EQ-algebras were introduced by Nov?ak in [16] as an algebraic structure of truth values for fuzzy type theory (FTT). Nov?k and De Baets [18] various kinds such good, residuated, lattice ordered EQ-algebras. In any logical structures, using filters, one can construct other structures. With this inspirations, means fantastic filters we MV-algebras. Also, study prelinear introduce a new kind filte...