BACKGROUND To compare the amount of debris extruded apically by using conventional syringe, Endovac & Ultrasonic irrigation. MATERIALS & METHODS Thirty freshly extracted mandibular premolars were selected, working length was determined and mounted in a debris and collection apparatus. The canals were prepared. After each instrument change, 1 ml. of 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigatio...

Background: Giardia lamblia is the most frequent human intestinal protozoan worldwide. Diagnosis of G. lamblia by microscopic examination of stool is common, but ELISA & IFA methods have been used in research and epidemiological studies recently. To produce polyclonal antibodies for designing ELISA & IFA kites molecular and genomic studies (PCR and parasitic culture) as well as other epidemiolo...

Debris flow material properties change during the initiation, transportation and deposition processes, which influences the runout characteristics of the debris flow. A quasithree-dimensional depth-integrated numerical model, EDDA (Erosion–Deposition Debris flow Analysis), is presented in this paper to simulate debris flow erosion, deposition and induced material property changes. The model con...

Fretting wear is the material damage of two contact surfaces caused by micro relative displacement. Its characteristic is that debris is trapped on the contact surfaces. Depending on the material properties, the shapes of the debris, and the dominant wear mechanisms, debris can play different roles that either protect or harm interfaces. Due to the micro scale of the debris, it is difficult to ...

BACKGROUND Carotid artery stenting in patients with high surgical risk is considered as an effective alternative to carotid endarterectomy. Because the occurrence of distal embolization with CAS is still a major concern, an embolus protection device is usually used during the procedure. We developed a technique for observation of embolus protection filter and evaluated the debris or thrombus mi...

In Southern Mexico, shifting cultivation is creating a mosaic of agricultural lands, secondary forests, and disturbed mature forests (montañas). Increased land-use change, due to population and market pressures has changed the structure and function of these forests. This study investigates the stocks and fluxes of woody debris during the course of secondary succession. We inventoried fine ( 1....

Background and aims. During root canal preparation, debris extruded beyond the apical foramen may result in periapical inflammation and postoperative pain. To date no root canal preparation method has been developed that extrudes no periapical debris. The purpose of this study was to identify a system leading to minimal extrusion of debris from the apical foramen. The study was conducted to com...

Supraglacial debris thickness is a key control on the surface energy balance of debriscovered glaciers, yet debris thickness measurements are sparse due to difficulties of data collection. Here we use ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to measure debris thickness on the ablation zone of Lirung Glacier, Nepal. We observe a strong, continuous reflection, which we interpret as the ice surface, through...

-The effects of woody debris on anadromous salmonid habitat in eight streams on Prince of Wales Island, southeast Alaska, were investigated by comparing low-gradient (1-9%) firstor second-order streams flowing through either spruce-hemlock forests or 6-10-year-old clearcuts, and by observing changes after debris was selectively removed from clear-cut reaches. Woody debris decreased the rate of ...