Article is made available in accordance with the publisher's policy and may be subject to US copyright law. Please refer to the publisher's site for terms of use. The MIT Faculty has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters. We introduce the concept of boundary degeneracy, as the ground state degeneracy of topologically ordered states on ...

The spectra of many real world networks exhibit properties which are different from those of random networks generated using various models. One such property is the existence of a very high degeneracy at the zero eigenvalue. In this work, we provide all the possible reasons behind the occurrence of the zero degeneracy in the network spectra, namely, the complete and partial duplications, as we...

No part of this Journal may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, mi-croolm or any other means without written permission from Faculty of Technical The publication of Karmarkar's paper has resulted in intense research activity into interior{point algorithms for linear programming. Degeneracy is present in most real{life problems and has always been an important issue in linear progra...

Abstract: For the heat conduction on a bounded domain with boundary degeneracy, though its diffusion coefficient vanishes on the boundary, it is still possible that the heat flux may transfer across the boundary. A known result shows that the key role is the ratio of the diffusion coefficient near the boundary. If this ratio is large enough, the heat flux transference has not any relation to th...

We present an effective theory for the Bloch functions of a two-dimensional square lattice near a quadratic degeneracy point. The degeneracy is protected by the symmetries of the crystal, and breaking these symmetries can either open a band gap or split the degeneracy into a pair of linear degeneracies that are continuable to Dirac points. A degeneracy of this type occurs between the second and...