We show a theorem proving that non-local bosonic field upon covariant interaction with confining gauge undergoes the confinement of its degrees freedom present in free theory changing completely physical mass spectrum following Kugo-Ojima criterion. This is applicable to an infinite number excitations including ghosts whereas we pay special attention modes complex conjugate masses, states appea...

Non-canonical degrees of freedom provide one the most promising routes towards characterising a range important phenomena in condensed matter physics. Potential candidates include pseudogap regime cuprates, heavy-fermion behaviour, and also indeed magnetically ordered systems. Nevertheless it remains an open question whether non-canonical algebras can fact legitimate quantum freedom. In this pa...

ABSRACTThis study presents the kinematic analysis of a four-degree freedom medical robotic arm using the Matlab and the robotic-tool, the arm was designed using a solid work program, As well as details of the control of the real design of this arm using Arduino Mega 2560, The specialist enters the position to be reached by the automatic arm (injection position), Or moving the arm to any p...