The homothallic, filamentous ascomycete Sordaria macrospora is self-fertile and produces sexual fruiting bodies (perithecia) without a mating partner. Even so, S. macrospora transcriptionally expresses two pheromone-precursor genes (ppg1 and ppg2) and two pheromone-receptor genes (pre1 and pre2). The proteins encoded by these genes are similar to alpha-factor-like and a-factor-like pheromones a...

The idea that enzymes accelerate their reactions by entropic effects has played a major role in many prominent proposals about the origin of enzyme catalysis. This idea implies that the binding to an enzyme active site freezes the motion of the reacting fragments and eliminates their entropic contributions, (delta S(cat)(double dagger))', to the activation energy. It is also implied that the bi...

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic zero, $X_n=\{x_1,\dots,x_n\}$ set variables, $K[X_n]$ the polynomial algebra and $F_n$ free metabelian Lie rank $n$ generated by $X_n$ over base $K$. Well known result Weitzenb\"ock states that $K[X_n]^\delta=\big \{u\in K[X_n] \big\vert\ \delta(u)=0\big \}$ is finitely as an algebra, where $\delta$ locally nilpotent linear derivation $K[X_n]$. Extending thi...

Revised delta(34)S reference values with associated expanded uncertainties (95% confidence interval (C.I.)) are presented for the sulfur isotope reference materials IAEA-S-2 (22.62 +/- 0.16 per thousand) and IAEA-S-3 (-32.49 +/- 0.16 per thousand). These revised values are determined using two relative-difference measurement techniques, gas source isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GIRMS) and dou...

Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) can efficiently prevent the aggregation of unfolded proteins in vitro. However, how this in vitro activity translates to function in vivo is poorly understood. We demonstrate that sHsps of Escherichia coli, IbpA and IbpB, co-operate with ClpB and the DnaK system in vitro and in vivo, forming a functional triade of chaperones. IbpA/IbpB and ClpB support independ...

A general expression for the π − N and π − ∆ scattering lengths is derived in the framework of a microscopic calculation. Annihilation, negative energy wavefunctions and spontaneous chiral symmetry are included consistently. The point-like limit is used to calculate the scattering lengths.

Yeast cells almost completely deficient in all cytochromes were obtained by introducing two defective nuclear genes, cyd1 and cyc4, into the same haploid strain. The action of the two mutant genes is synergistic, since either gene acting singly results in only partial cytochrome deficiency. Normal synthesis of all cytochromes can be restored in the double mutant by adding delta-aminolevulinic a...