BACKGROUND Ketamine is analgesic in experimental and clinical studies of inflammatory, neuropathic, and postoperative pain. Its role in the treatment of visceral pain is less known. The authors investigated the effect and site of action of ketamine on reflex responses evoked by urinary bladder distension (UBD). The effects of other clinically available N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antag...

At pH 5.0, the electrical potential (delta psi, interior negative) across the plasma membrane of Staphylococcus aureus exhibits a minimum of -85 to -90 mV; the pH gradient (delta pH, interior alkaline) across the membrane approximates a maximum of about -100 mV. Under these conditions, uptake of the aminoglycoside gentamicin is negligible, and viability of the organism is not impaired by the an...

Evidence for an analgesic interaction between delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) and morphine was sought using an experimental pain model applied to normal volunteers. The study incorporated a double blinded, four treatment, four period, four sequence, crossover design. Subjects received Delta(9)-THC 5 mg orally or placebo and 90 min later morphine 0.02 mg/kg intravenously or placebo. ...

The main purpose of this article is to offer some characterizations of $delta$-double derivations on rings and algebras. To reach this goal, we prove the following theorem:Let $n > 1$ be an integer and let $mathcal{R}$ be an $n!$-torsion free ring with the identity element $1$. Suppose that there exist two additive mappings $d,delta:Rto R$ such that $$d(x^n) =Sigma^n_{j=1} x^{n-j}d(x)x^{j-1}+Si...

Addition of fatty acids to isolated hepatocytes raised respiration rate by 92% and raised mitochondrial membrane potential (delta psi m) in situ from 155 to 162 mV suggesting that the increased fuel supply had a greater effect on respiration rate than any increases in processes that consumed mitochondrial protonmotive force (delta p). The relationship between delta psi m and respiration rate wa...

this paper consider the   general  forms of $(alpha,beta)$-fuzzyleft ideals (right ideals, bi-ideals, interior ideals) of an orderedsemigroup, where$alpha,betain{in_{gamma},q_{delta},in_{gamma}wedgeq_{delta}, in_{gamma}vee q_{delta}}$ and $alphaneqin_{gamma}wedge q_{delta}$. special attention is paid to$(in_{gamma},ivq)$-left ideals (right ideals, bi-ideals, interiorideals) and some related  pr...

Arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh is a serious environmental problem. Contamination is extensive in the low-lying areas of Bhagirathi–Ganga delta, located mainly to the east of the Bhagirathi River. A few isolated As-contaminated areas occur west of the Bhagirathi River and over the lower parts of the Damodar river fan-delta. The Damodar being a P...

‎Let $mathcal{A}$ be a unital Banach algebra‎, ‎$mathcal{M}$ be a left $mathcal{A}$-module‎, ‎and $W$ in $mathcal{Z}(mathcal{A})$ be a left separating point of $mathcal{M}$‎. ‎We show that if $mathcal{M}$ is a unital left $mathcal{A}$-module and $delta$ is a linear mapping from $mathcal{A}$ into $mathcal{M}$‎, ‎then the following four conditions are equivalent‎: ‎(i) $delta$ is a Jordan left de...

Let $R$ be a 2-torsion free ring and $U$ be a square closed Lie ideal of $R$. Suppose that $alpha, beta$ are automorphisms of $R$. An additive mapping $delta: R longrightarrow R$ is said to be a Jordan left $(alpha,beta)$-derivation of $R$ if $delta(x^2)=alpha(x)delta(x)+beta(x)delta(x)$ holds for all $xin R$. In this paper it is established that if $R$ admits an additive mapping $G : Rlongrigh...