Dense granular flows down inclines continue to defy understanding. However, the last three decades have witnessed progress in techniques and approaches that have moved the field closer to achieving ab initio predictions of practical relevance. Difficulties arise for three principal reasons. First, because granular flows dissipate mechanical energy on the particle scale, regions featuring a subs...

McCoy cell cultures infected with the agent of ovine chlamydial polyarthritis were examined with the electron microscope. The agent was seen as small dense particles (250 to 450 nm) with an eccentric nucleoid and a multilaminated cell wall, as large (800 to 1,200 nm) granular particles surrounded by two unit membranes and as intermediate particles. Replication, which occurred throughout the cyt...

The intestinal epithelium is a heterogeneous cell monolayer that undergoes continuous renewal and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis. We have used transgenic mice to examine the compartmentalization of a regulated endocrine secretory protein, human growth hormone (hGH), in the four exocrine cells of the mouse intestinal epithelium (Paneth cells, intermediate cells, typical goblet cells...

The intestinal epithelium is a heterogeneous cell monolayer that undergoes continuous renewal and differentiation along the crypt-villus axis. We have used transgenic mice to examine the compartmentalization of a regulated endocrine secretory protein, human growth hormone (hGH), in the four exocrine cells of the mouse intestinal epithelium (Paneth cells, intermediate cells, typical goblet cells...

In this work, we first review some general properties of dense granular materials. We are particularly concerned with a statistical description of these materials, and it is in this light that we briefly describe results from four representative studies. These are: experiment 1: determining local force statistics, vector forces, force distributions and correlations for static granular systems; ...

We present in this Letter experimental results on the bidimensional flow field around a cylinder penetrating into dense granular matter, together with drag force measurements. A hydrodynamic model based on extended kinetic theory for dense granular flow reproduces well the flow localization close to the cylinder and the corresponding scalings of the drag force, which is found to not depend on v...