introduction: indoor swimming pools are the most important recreational centres. swimming pool water is responsible for the transmission of parasitic diseases. this study was performed to determine the rate of parasitic contamination and some physio- chemical parameters of indoor swimming pools in urmia during 2002. materials and methods: this study was a descriptive-cross sectional one in whic...

The cylindrical filters presently used in drip irrigation systems frequently clog, increasing pressure loss and lowering the flow rate through the filters. This work investigates alternative filtration strategies that increase the reliability of, and are compatible with, existing systems. To test different filtration strategies, a drip irrigation test setup was built to measure the pressure los...

We tested a trait-based approach to link a soil disturbance to changes in invertebrate communities. Soils and macro-invertebrates were sampled in sandy soils contaminated by long-term wastewater irrigation, adding notably organic matter and trace metals (TM). We hypothesized that functional traits of invertebrates depict ways of exposure and that exposure routes relate to specific TM pools. Geo...

the trial randomized complete block design with four replications in summer 1394 on a farm in the village of dotuyeh, kahrizak district located in the share ray to study the effects of different methods of weed control on qualitative and quantitative yield forage corn varieties (sc.704) do was. the experiment consisted of black plastic mulch, on black plastic mulch silver, mung bean living mulc...

Irrigation channels around paddy fields have been drastically improved over the past several decades in Japan. This has been accomplished exclusively by covering all the sides of channels with concrete. Although it is conventionally accepted that channel improvement has deteriorated quality of spawning and nursery sites for fish, to date, there is little evidence to support this claim. We exami...

* Department of Soil Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141 004 Abstract: Different irrigation methods and regimes affect maize (Zea Mays L.) growth differently. The field experiment was conducted to study the interactive effect of three irrigation methods and three irrigation regimes on maize growth under sandy loam soil at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, Punjab...

1. Most female Culiseta longiareolata (Diptera: Culicidae) avoid ovipositing in pools that contain the predatory backswimmer Notonecta maculata. Such oviposition habitat selection has been suggested to reflect a trade-off between the risk of predation on larvae and potential density-dependent fitness costs. This putative trade-off was examined. In particular, evidence was sought in support of d...

0022-1694/$ see front matter Published by Elsevier doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2011.03.040 q Manufacturer or trade names are included for the names, the USDA-ARS implies no endorsement, recom ⇑ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 208 423 6508; fax E-mail address: [email protected] (G.A. L Differences in irrigation water quality may affect the water repellency of soils treated or untreated with sur...

A perirectal abscess is a relatively common disease entity that occurs as a postsurgical complication or as a result of various medical conditions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided drainage was recently described as a promising alternative treatment. Previous reports have recommended placement of a drainage catheter through the anus for irrigation, which is inconvenient to the patient and car...