A fundamental problem for peer-to-peer systems is to maintain connectivity while nodes are leaving, i.e., the nodes requesting to leave the peer-topeer system are excluded from the overlay network without affecting its connectivity. There are a number of studies for safe node exclusion if the overlay is in a well-defined state initially. Surprisingly, the problem has not been formally studied y...

The purpose of this investigation was to specify the kinds of miscomprehensions produced by individuals listening to synthetic speech. In the first study, 80 written summaries of synthesized speech passages were analyzed to determine the types of miscomprehensions or linguistic departures made by listeners when attempting to recall the spoken texts. These departures were classified according to...

A Bayesian method for determining if there are large departures from independence between pairs of alleles at a locus, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), is presented. We endorse the view that a population will never be exactly in HWE and that there will be occasions when there is a need for an alternative to the usual hypothesis-testing setting. Bayesian methods provide such an alternative, and...

Over 400 cities around the world have deployed or have plans to deploy a bike sharing system. However, the factors that drive their usage and the amount of rebalancing they require are not known precisely. A knowledge of these factors would allow cities to design or modify their systems to increase usage while lowering rebalancing costs. We collect station-level occupancy data from two cities a...