the effect of aqueous extract of nepata glomerulosa boiss. aerial parts on morphine withdrawal syndrome was investigated in mice. dependence was induced by subcutaneous injections of morphine for 3 consecutive days. on day 4, morphine was injected 2 h prior to intraperitoneal injection of naloxone. the number of jumps during a 20 min. period after naloxone injection was considered as a measure ...

background: many psychiatric patients have nicotine and other substance dependence.   objective: to determine the prevalence of nicotine and opium dependence among psychiatric in-patients inkerman, a city in southwesterniran.   methods: three groups of psychiatric inpatients, chronic medical patients and a sample from local population, each including 400 subjects were selected.  nicotine depend...

walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

abstract background and objective: according to the issue of dependence and tolerance in addicted patients, the inefficiency of existing treatments and the new recommendation for drug combination therapy for diseases in modern pharmacology, the present study examined the effect of methadone and valproate combination on morphine dependence and tolerance. materials and methods: ninety-eight male ...

objective(s):dependence and tolerance to opioid analgesics are major problems limiting their clinical application. a-terpineol is a monoterpenoid alcohol with neuroprotective effects which is found in several medicinal plants such as myrtus communis, laurus nobilis, and stachys byzantina. it has been shown that some of these medicinal plants such as s. byzantina attenuate dependence and toleran...

detoxification of children who are born from substance dependent mothers or those who are substance dependent themselves as a result of being abused by their families is a major concern. this report describes withdrawal symptoms and the way of abstinence in a 2.5 year-old girl who was dependent to opium. âfter that she was given opium for nearly two years suppress withdrawal symptoms, methadone...

ôbjective: the purpose of the present preliminary study was to explore the prevalence of nonmedical abuse of benzodiazepines in a group of opiate-dependent patients who were on methadone maintenance treatment (mmt) program in outpatient clinics in the south-west of tehran, ïran. methods: 114 male and female opiate-dependent clients who met dsm.ïv-tr criteria for opiate dependence with mean age ...

objective(s) single injection of naloxone, a selective antagonist of morphine, prior to the drug conditioning testing was used to investigate on morphine dependence. materials and methods conditioning to morphine (2.5-10 mg/kg, s.c.) was established in adult male wistar rats (weighing 200-250 g) using an unbiased procedure. nitric oxide agents were microinjected into the central amygdala prior ...

introduction: to examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. methods: male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (iui) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (...