نتایج جستجو برای: dermal absorption
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Objectives—The dominant route of occupational exposure to pesticides in horticulture is dermal. However, preventive measures are seldom used when handling plant cultures recently treated with pesticides, thus causing significant dermal exposure and potential absorption. Assessment of exposure often depends on biological monitoring of blood or urine samples. The skin often acts as a temporary re...
There are only few studies about the relationship of skin lesions and the percutaneous uptake of hazardous substances in exposed workers. Several aromatic amines are well known carcinogens for humans and/or animals. This case report emphasizes the relevance of dermal absorption of the aromatic amine ortho-toluidine considering four workers with different skin status (healthy, erythematous and b...
The absorbed dose resulting from dermal exposure to soil-bound chemicals depends on many factors. An algorithm that describes the uptake of chemicals from soil as a function of exposure duration, exposure frequency, chemical concentration in the soil, soil loading, surface area, body weight, averaging time, and fractional absorption (ABS) is discussed in Chapter 6. The purpose of this appendix ...
PURPOSE Classic penetration enhancement/retardation methods for improved dermal drug delivery primarily focus on co-applied chemicals aided alterations in skin accumulation/permeation profile, and in many cases, this has been achieved by compromising the systemic absorption/toxicities of penetrant/enhancer/retarder. In this study, higher dermal accumulation without systemic absorption of ketoro...
The number of farmers who have suffered from non-fatal acute pesticide poisoning has been reported to vary from 5.7% to 86.7% in South Korea since 1975. Absorption through the skin is the main route of exposure to pesticides for farmers who operate with them. Several in vitro tests using the skins of humans or animal and in vivo tests using laboratory animals are introduced for the assessment o...
OBJECTIVES To estimate dermal absorption of vaporous and liquid 2-methoxyethanol (ME) and 2-ethoxyethanol (EE) in volunteers. METHODS Five volunteers (two men and three women) were dermally exposed to vaporised and liquid ME and EE. Dermal exposure on an area of about 1000 cm2 (forearm and hand) to vapours of ME and EE (4000 mg/m3 ME and 3700 mg/m3 EE) lasted for 45 minutes. Duration of expos...
Correspondence to: Dr S Semple, Department of Environmental & Occupational Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK; [email protected] _________________________ T he study of occupational and environmental exposure to chemicals has traditionally focussed on the quantity of dust, aerosol, or vapour inhaled. This has been driven by the high historic prevalence of...
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