In this paper I argue that anaphoric pronouns should always be interpreted exhaustively. I propose that pronouns are either used referentially and refer to the speaker’s referents of their antecedent indefinites, or descriptively and go proxy for the description recoverable from its antecedent clause. I show how this view can be implemented within a dynamic semantics, and how it can account for...

One of the modern paradigms to develop an application is object oriented analysis and design. In this paradigm, there are several objects and each object plays some specific roles in applications. In an application, we must distinguish between procedural semantics and declarative semantics for their implementation in a specific programming language. For the procedural semantics, we can write a ...

Formal Semantics and Distributional Semantics are two very influential semantic frameworks in Computational Linguistics. Formal Semantics is based on a symbolic tradition and centered around the inferential properties of language. Distributional Semantics is statistical and data-driven, and focuses on aspects of meaning related to descriptive content. The two frameworks are complementary in the...

Cyclic definitions in description logics have until now been investigated only for description logics allowing for value restrictions. Even for the most basic language which allows for conjunction and value restrictions only, deciding subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles is a PSPACE-complete problem. This paper investigates subsumption in the presence of terminological cycles fo...

In this talk I would like to address some issues of major importance in lexical semantics. In particular, I will discuss four topics relating to current research in the field: methodology, descriptive coverage, adequacy of the representation, and the computational usefulness of representations. In addressing these issues, I will discuss what I think are some of the central problems facing the l...

The formal semantics of speech acts, even in the classical framework of illocutionary logic, requires considerations that go beyond individual speech activity and beyond the interpretation of individual sentences. We show how the formal semantics of speech acts can be extended to take into account the social effects and interactive aspects of illocutionary activity. To illustrate our approach, ...

We present the new procedural modeling language G2 (Generalized Grammar) which adapts various concepts from general purpose programming languages in order to provide high descriptive power with well-defined semantics and a simple syntax which is easily readable even by non-programmers. The term "Generalized" reflects two kinds of generalization. On the one hand we extend the scope of previous a...

In somatic medicine, diagnostic terms often refer to the disease processes that are the causes of patients' symptoms. The language used in some clinical textbooks and health information resources suggests that this is also sometimes assumed to be the case with diagnoses in psychiatry. However, this seems to be in tension with the ways in which psychiatric diagnoses are defined in diagnostic man...

Preference is a natural part of common sense reasoning. It allows us to select preferred conclusions from broader range of alternative conclusions. It is typically specified on parts of conclusions or on rules. Different semantics have been proposed that deal with preference on rules. None fully meets our requirements. We are interested in a descriptive approach to preference handling in logic ...

In semantics, there are seven relations of meaning. One them is an antonym. this research, the researcher specializes in antonym verses Surah Al-Furqan. surah, many verses. The purpose research first to understand sentences that show antonyms. Second, various antonyms surah This method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach. They used analyzing semantics according Ali Al-Khulli about relations...