BACKGROUND A smoke-free law came into effect in Spain on 1st January 2006, affecting all enclosed workplaces except hospitality venues, whose proprietors can choose among totally a smoke-free policy, a partial restriction with designated smoking areas, or no restriction on smoking on the premises. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the law among hospitality workers by assessing second-hand smok...

2. A teacher finds Garret, a freshman, smoking in the boys’ locker room. In accordance with school policy, the teacher completes a discipline notice and sends Garret to the principal’s office. Mr. Rodriquez, the principal, informs Garret that he has been accused of smoking in the locker room. He tells Garret that because this is his first offense, he will be suspended for three days. Mr. Rodriq...

College campus tobacco-free policies are an emerging trend. Between September 2013 and May 2014, we surveyed 1309 college students at 8 public 4-year institutions across California with a range of policies (smoke-free indoors only, designated outdoor smoking areas, smoke-free, and tobacco-free). Stronger policies were associated with fewer students reporting exposure to secondhand smoke or seei...

This study compares all-in-all-out (AlAD) production with continuous-flow(CF) production during the growing-finishing phase. Thirty-three randomly selected pigs were moved into a room designated as the AIAD facility at approximately 17-20 kg (37-44 Ib) body weight. These pigs may have been infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida but were not exhibiting clinical signs of...

This subanalysis of the Canadian Human Activity Pattern Survey examines environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in non-smoking respondents relative to age, sex, socioeconomic status and prevalence of asthma. 2,381 respondents (response rate 64.5%) from Toronto, Vancouver, Edmonton and Saint John completed a 24-hour recall time-activity diary. For each activity and location, respondents were ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the level of tobacco-related attitudes and practices among medical students who study in a designated 'No-Smoking University' in Pakistan's largest city, Karachi. It further highlighted some challenges for tobacco control at the university. METHODS The study design adopted mixed methods. It commenced with an initial qualitative phase using in-depth interviews with medic...

The problem of generalization of (single) designated verifier schemes to several designated verifiers was proposed by Desmedt in 2003. The paper proposes eight new Identity Based Strong Bi-Designated Verifier Signature Schemes in which the two designated verifiers may not know each other. The security and the computational efficiency of the schemes are also analyzed.

PURPOSE Airbnb is a web-based peer-to-peer (P2P) service that enables potential hosts and guests to broker accommodations in private homes as an alternative to traditional hotels. The hospitality sector has increasingly gone smoke-free over the last decade. This study identified the availability and cost of smoking-permitted accommodations identified on Airbnb. METHODS The study team searched...