today export diversification has become one of the most important economic objectives of development strategies in the developing countries. for various reasons, such as preventing instability in export prices of primary products in global markets, reducing fluctuations in exchanges of them compared with industrial goods, producing dynamic benefits resulted from exporting various goods and incr...

there are many published articles which cover current and future challenges of epidemiology. however, up until now, most of them are written by developed world epidemiologists. therefore, despite a common use of assumptions, they did not have the opportunity to discuss the different range of practical tasks and priorities away from developed countries. the topics covered are; facing poverty, no...

road traffic accidents and the effects they subsequently incur are increasing dramatically, and estimating the cost of road traffic crashes could be a vital step in improving the recognition of this widespread problem. the main objective of this paper is to estimate the cost of road traffic crashes in iran using the human capital (hc) method. results of this study indicate that the cost of road...

background since morbid obesity is known as a major cause of psychosocial problems beside its common adverse effects like cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, a lot of researches have been performed to find an effective treatment including surgery. surgical methods were improved by invention of minimal invasive surgeries. laparascopic sleeve gastrectomy (lsg) and laparascopic adjustable gastr...

context this literature review mostly emphasizes on the challenges and barriers for acceptance and implementation of electronic health records (ehrs) in developing countries. although the willingness of developing countries for acceptance and implementation of ehrs is rising, they will face some challenges and barriers which can slow down their progress due to the multidisciplinary and complexi...

In this study, Bayes' theorem was used to determine the probability of a patient having Lyme disease (LD), given a positive test result obtained using commercial test kits in clinically diagnosed patients. In addition, an algorithm was developed to extend the theorem to the two-tier test methodology. Using a disease prevalence of 5%-75% in samples sent for testing by clinicians, evaluated with ...

We call for the development of human biobanks in developing countries and describe several examples from low income countries which are already building their own biobanks. Developing human biobanks in developing countries requires strengthening of the research capacity to use the new technologies, as well as a shift in research investment priorities in order to reduce the inequity in internati...

the place of a topic like ‘procedures for developing religiosity’, as a novel and innovative topic, seems to have been standing empty beside topic like ‘origins of religiosity’, and ‘the origin of religion’. the present article, after describing the content, use, and requirements of the topic under investigation, deals with introducing and categorizing paradigms of religiosity. in order to come...

Infectious and parasitic diseases create enormous health burdens, but because most of the people suffering from these diseases are poor, little is invested in developing treatments. We propose that developers of treatments for neglected diseases receive a "priority review voucher." The voucher could save an average of one year of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review and be sold by the...

Bioethics, the investigation of ethical issues in medicine, biology, and health sciences, is in vogue in the developed world. Television news often shows feature stories on debates over the proper uses of such new developments as embryonic stem cells or gene therapy, and newspapers elicit public comments on their Internet sites. Societal responses to these technological advances are mediated th...