Orthographic depth (OD) (i.e., the complexity, consistency, or transparency of grapheme-phoneme correspondences in written alphabetic language) plays an important role in the acquisition of reading skills. Correspondingly, developmental dyslexia is characterized by different behavioral manifestations across languages varying in OD. This review focuses on the question of whether these different ...

Studies of basic (nonspeech) auditory processing in adults thought to have developmental dyslexia have yielded a variety of data. Yet there has been little consensus regarding the explanatory value of auditory processing in accounting for reading difficulties. Recently, however, a number of studies of basic auditory processing in children with developmental dyslexia have suggested that a reduce...

T he term developmental dyslexia ("specific reading retardation") refers to an unexpected difficulty in reading in children and adults who otherwise possess the intelligence, motivation, and schooling considered necessary for accurate and fluent reading. The concept has had a chequered career, with debates about its definition, origin, and causes, and indeed about its validity as a distinct ent...

The possible causes and correlates of such difficulty have been the focus of a great deal of theorizing since before the turn of the twentieth century, when W. Pringle Morgan (1896) described a 14-year-old boy named Percy who suffered from pronounced difficulty learning to read and spell, despite normal achievement in other academic areas. Because he could find no evidence of definitive brain i...

Phase entrainment of neuronal oscillations is thought to play a central role in encoding speech. Children with developmental dyslexia show impaired phonological processing of speech, proposed theoretically to be related to atypical phase entrainment to slower temporal modulations in speech (<10Hz). While studies of children with dyslexia have found atypical phase entrainment in the delta band (...

Background. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and specific learning difficulties (dyslexia) belong to the most frequently diagnosed developmental disorders in school-age children, and not infrequently cooccur. Linguistic functioning is one of the aspects of cognitive functioning in the cases of ADHA, dyslexia, or both disorders that presents a very diverse symptomatology. The aim ...

PURPOSE Several attempts have been made to remediate developmental dyslexia using various training environments. Based on the well-known retrieval structure model, the memory strength of phonemes and graphemes should be strengthened by visual and auditory associations between graphemes and phonemes. Using specifically designed training software, we examined whether establishing a multitude of v...

The study of developmental dyslexia was briefly reviewed through tracing its historical origin, addressing the issues in definitions, summarizing wellaccepted epidemiological findings, and highlighting some of the recent research on the neurological and cognitive basis of dyslexia. By introducing developmental dyslexia in different languages, including the Chinese language, it was recognized th...

We examine whether attention deficits underlie developmental dyslexia, or certain types of dyslexia, by presenting double dissociations between the two. We took into account the existence of distinct types of dyslexia and of attention deficits, and focused on dyslexias that may be thought to have an attentional basis: letter position dyslexia (LPD), in which letters migrate within words, attent...