Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases including Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease. Many recent studies have shown that ER stress is related to the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, and with the death of pancreatic beta-cells, insulin resistance, and the death of the vascular cells in the retina. Diabetic retinopathy is a major complication ...

OBJECTIVE Hyperglycemia plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of vascular complications, which are the major sources of morbidity and mortality in diabetes. Furthermore, these vascular complications often persist and progress despite improved glucose control, possibly as a result of prior episodes of hyperglycemia. Epigenetic modifications mediated by histone methyltransferase...

The rats listed here have been extensively studied as animal models of diabetic complications and their pathogenesis. The results of studies with the SHROB, JCR:LAcp and OLETF rats are instructive in understanding macro vascular diseases. The Cohen, GK, SHROB and OLETF rats are model of diabetic kidney disease. The SHROB rat might also be useful for diabetic retinopathy study. The importance of...

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes is a common disorder recognized as a major health problem in Iran. Diabetes is a major source of morbidity, mortality and economic cost to society. Diabetic patients are at risk of experiencing macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications and their contributing factors. ...

PURPOSE A sustained gene modulatory strategy is necessary for regulating abnormal gene expression in diabetic retinopathy, a long-term complication. We investigated the efficacy of a small interference RNA (siRNA) strategy in mediating the long-term downregulatory effect of fibronectin (FN) overexpression in vivo. METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were intravitreally injected with ...

Diabetic foot syndrome (DFS) is a complication associated with diabetes that has strong negative impact, both medically and socio-economically. Recent epidemiological data show one in six patients will develop an ulcer their lifetime. Vascular complications diabetic have multiple prognostic implications addition to limiting functional status leading decreased quality of life for these patients....

diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the world. strict control of blood sugar, blood pressure, laser therapy, pharmacotherapy and vitrectomy are of among common diabetic retinopathy treatments. further studies to investigate the effect of protein kinase c inhibitors, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, growth hormone and other proposed treatments for diabetic retinopa...

Autonomic diabetic neuropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes mellitus with variable multiple organ involvement, principally of the cardiovascular system, but also of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts (1). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) causes alterations in heart rate control and vascular dynamics, which may result in disabling clinical and functional manifestatio...