The study investigated urinary levels of dialkyl phosphates resulting from pesticide exposure amongst 40 farm workers. Workers were tested (urinary dialkyl phosphate levels, anthropometry, short exposure questionnaire) before and after the first day of seasonal chlorpyrifos spraying. Median baseline urinary dialkyl phosphates was high amongst both non-applicators (1587.5 μg/g creatinine, n = 8)...

ionic liquids such as 1,3-dialkylimidazolium salts make excellent catalysts and solvents for synthesis of dialkyl 2-(dialkoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-h-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates from 2h-phthalazin-1-one, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates, and trialkyl phosphites. under similar conditions, triphenyl phosphite led to dialkyl 2-(diphenoxyphosphoryl)-3-(1-oxo-1-h-phthalazin-2-yl)succinates. the ionic ...

The reaction of triarylantimony diacetates [Ar3Sb(OAc)2] with dialkyl H-phosphites [H-PO(OR)2] in the presence of a Pd(PPh3)4 (5 mol%) catalyst led to the formation of arylphosphonates in moderate to excellent yield under base-free conditions. This reaction is the first example of carbon-phosphorus bond formation by using an organoantimony compound as a pseudo-halide.

Sex expression in cucumber is influenced by hormonal and environmental factors such as day length and temperature. Increasing female flowers that will develop to fruit is a trick for increasing yield, hence it’s importance. Likewise, it would help breeders through hybridizing process. Ethylene as a plant hormone is known to increase female flowers of most members of Cucurbitaceae family but as ...

N-Aryl-C-ethoxycarbonylnitrile imines (3a-g) react with ethyl cyanoacetate 1 in 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to yield novel pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylates (4a-g) in moderate yields. The reaction of pyrazole-3,4-dicarboxylates (4a, d) with hydrazine afforded pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyridazine-4,7-diones (5a, d) in good yields. All compounds were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. Some of the newly s...

soma1 oxidase ( H 2 0 , production). Nevertheless, mitochondrial oxidation of sebacyl-carnitine could be recorded. This activity was 10-20% of that measured in the same mitochondrial preparation with palmitoyl-CoA ( + L-carnitine) or decanoyl-carnitine. Further, there was no indication of interference by sebacyl-CoA with carnitine palmitoyltransferase. In conclusion, intravenously infused dodec...

an efficient three-component reaction of dialkyl acetylendicarboxylates and 2-pyrrolidin in the presence of triphenylphosphine produces dialkyl 2-(2-pyrrolidin-n-yl)-3-(triphenylphosphanylidene)succinate. these phosphoranes undergo mild intramolecular wittig reaction to produce dialkyl (e)-2-(4,5-dihydro-3h-pyrrol-2-yl)fumarate in excellent yields.

stable crystalline phosphorus ylides are obtained in excellent yields from the 1:1:1 addition reactionbetween hydantoins or thiohydantoins and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence oftriphenylphosphine. these phosphoranes undergo smooth intramolecular wittig reaction followedby an electrocyclic ring opening to produce dialkyl (e)-2-(2,5-dihydro-5,5-diaryl-2-thioxo-1h-imidazol-4-yl)fum...

An efficient, mild, and generally applicable protocol for copper-mediated oxidative decarboxylative coupling of arylpropiolic acids with dialkyl H-phosphonates in water has been developed. Note that the reaction could proceed smoothly under air at relatively low temperature (60 °C), and the addition of isopropanol could successfully suppress the decomposition of dialkyl H-phosphonates in water.

Sulfonated, water-soluble imidazolium and imidazolinium salts were synthesized and the respective Pd-complexes with N,N'-bis(2,6-dialkyl-4-SO(3)(-)-phenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene and N,N'-bis(2,6-dialkyl-4-SO(3)(-)-phenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene ligands were applied in aqueous Suzuki coupling reactions of aryl chlorides.