Three-dimensional enriched finite elements are used to compute mixed-mode stress intensity factors (SIFs) for three-dimensional cracks in elastic functionally graded materials (FGMs) that are subject to general mixed-mode loading. The method, which advantageously does not require special mesh configuration/modifications and post-processing of finite element results, is an enhancement of previou...

Oblique detonation stability was studied by numerically integrating the two-dimensional. one-step reactive Euler equations in a generalized, curvilinear coordinate system. The integration was accomplished using the Roe scheme combined with fractional stepping; nonlinear flux limiting was used to prevent unphysical solution oscillations near discontinuities. The method was verified on oneand two...

OBJECTIVES To establish a three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model of a maxillary first premolar and to evaluate the stress generated on the tooth (dentine) and on the indirect composite resin restorations by occlusal forces. METHODS An embedded intact maxillary first premolar tooth was sliced serially and scanned digitally parallel to the occlusal surface. The 64 images were assemble...

Subjects were adapted to alternating upright red and oblique green checkerboards. After adaptation, vertical and horizontal gratings appeared pink and oblique gratings appeared green. The results show an orientation and spatial frequency selectivity predicted by two-dimensional Fourier analysis.

The objective of the study was to determine the thorax and abdomen deflection-time corridors in oblique side impacts. Data were analyzed from Post Mortem Human Surrogate (PMHS) sled tests, certain aspects of which were previously published. A modular and scalable anthropometry-specific segmented load-wall system was fixed to the platform of the sled. Region-specific forces were recorded from lo...

Fig. 2 (left) Phase images with iron-rich region (substantia nigra, red nucleus) enlarged below. (a) standard axial, (b) standard oblique showing overwhelming distortion from oblique voxel alignment, (c) oblique ISEE as acquired with axial acquisition showing anterior and posterior aliased portions, (d) same ISEE data set as (c) after reformatting into oblique plane. In (c) oblique ISEE provide...

In this study, the crashworthiness performance of a multi-cell column designed from B1500HS boron steel with three different hardness values and six regional hot-formed designs were compared in terms passenger safety. Energy absorption peak crushing force columns examined by impact simulations under oblique loading. “T25 heat-treated column” gave highest energy value, while "O25 column" lowest ...

In this study, optimization is carried out to find the optimized design of a foam-filled column for the best Specific Energy Absorption (SEA) and Crush Force Efficiency (CFE). In order to maximize SEA, the optimization gives the value of 2.3 for column thickness and 151.7 for foam length. On the other hand to maximize CFE, the optimization gives the value of 1.1 for column thickness and 200 for...

Deep foundations are slender pile elements used to transfer loads from structures into deeper soil strata below the ground. Deep foundations have a variety of loads including axial, lateral and moments. Often these loads will act together to form a combination of loads, such as oblique forces that have a component of axial and lateral forces. Due to the pile’s length, which can extend past 30 m...