Introduction Deformable image registration (DIR) is used to modify structures according to anatomical changes for observing the dosimetric effect. In this study, megavoltage computed tomography (MVCT) images were used to generate cumulative doses for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients by various DIR methods. The performance of the multiple DIR methods was analysed, and the impact of dose accu...

PURPOSE In this work, we propose a new method of calibrating cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data sets for radiotherapy dose calculation and plan assessment. The motivation for this patient-specific calibration (PSC) method is to develop an efficient, robust, and accurate CBCT calibration process that is less susceptible to deformable image registration (DIR) errors. METHODS Instead of m...

OBJECTIVE Accurate identification and localization of cortical gray matter (CGM) lesions in MS is important when determining their clinical relevance. Double inversion recovery (DIR) scans have been widely used to detect MS CGM lesions. Phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) scans have a higher signal to noise, and can therefore be obtained at a higher resolution within clinically acceptable...

To analyze intensities of ocular exposure to direct (Eo,dir), reflected (Eo,refl), and diffuse (Eo,diff) ultraviolet (UV) irradiance at different solar elevation angles (SEAs), a rotating manikin and dual-detector spectrometer were used to monitor the intensity of ocular exposure to UV irradiation (Eo) and ambient UV radiation (UVR) under clear skies in Sanya, China. Eo,dir was derived as the d...

This document summarises the capabilities of the XY-pic package for typesetting graphs and diagrams in TEX. For a general introduction as well as availability information and conditions refer to the User’s Guide [14]. A characteristic of XY-pic is that it is built around a kernel drawing language which is a concise notation for general graphics, e.g., A B (/).*-+, j j j j j j j j j G ' 55 was d...

Fluorescence dye DiR and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) embedded in PEG-PLGA nanobubbles (DiR-SPIO-NBs) were produced using double emulsion method on a membrane of Shirasu porous glass (SPG). The nanobubbles encapsulated with DiR and SPIONs had a liquid core (perfluoropentane) and a PEG-PLGA shell. DiR-SPIO-NBs showed biocompatibility based on MTT cytotoxicity and hemolysis...

When an oriented bar or grating is drifted across the receptive field of a cortical neuron at various orientations, the tuning function reflects both, and thus confounds the orientation (ORI) and the direction-of-motion (DIR) selectivity of the cell. Since ORI (or DIR), by definition, has a period of 180(or 360) deg/cycle, a popular method for separating these two components, due to Wörgötter a...

At present, the assimilation of u and v wind vector components calculated from wind speed (SP) and wind direction (DIR) observations (obs) is used as the only scheme for assimilating wind observations into the Weather Research and Forecasting Data Assimilation (WRFDA) three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) system. The observational error of the u and v components is assigned b...

This paper considers alternative directory protocols for providing cache coherence in shared-memory mul-tiprocessors with 32 to 128 processors, where the state requirements of Dir N may be considered tootate (also called superset), Coarse Vector, and three new protocols. The new protocols|Gray-hardware, Gray-software, Home|are optimizations of Tristate that use gray coding to favor near-neighbo...

In this paper, we present a diagonal-intersection-based routing (DIR) protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. The DIR protocol constructs a series of diagonal intersections between the source and destination vehicles. The DIR protocol is a geographic routing protocol. Based on the geographic routing protocol, source vehicle geographically forwards data packet toward the first diagonal intersect...