Despite the growing popularity of digital payment transactions in United States, most survey participation incentives are still paid through cash or check and then distributed to respondents potential sample members via direct mail. Though researchers have explored alternative incentives, such as e-gift cards, for online samples, there has been no study electronic incentives—specifically mobile...

The recently released Chandra Transmission Grating Catalog and Archive, TGCat, presents a fully dynamic on-line catalog allowing users to browse and categorize Chandra gratings observations quickly and easily, generate custom plots of resulting response corrected spectra on-line without the need for special software and to download analysis ready products from multiple observations in one conve...

The nondetection of multiple images in the BATSE 4B catalog implies an upper limit to average redshift < z > of gamma ray bursts (GRBs). Here we calculate an upper limit to < z >, independent of the physical model for GRBs, using a filled approximation to compute the lensing rate for GRBs at high z for a variety of cosmologies. The upper limit on < z > depends directly on the cosmological param...

Using Psychological Reactance as the framework, this study sought to understand consumer attitudes towards two major direct marketing techniques: unsolicited commercial e-mail and postal direct mail. In particular, audience perceptions of advertising intrusiveness, perceived loss of control (as conceptualized by Psychological Reactance), and irritation regarding the direct marketing techniques ...