Osmolytes have been reported to stabilize biomolecules and even whole organisms against exposure to adverse environmental conditions. In this work, we report for the first time the use of some of these osmolytes, viz., the disaccharides trehalose and sucrose, in the stabilization of bovine trypsin against exposure to the anionic detergent sodium dodecyl sulfate and autolysis. Exposure of trypsi...

Background. Many studies have found that the antibiotic rifaximin is effective for the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. However, there is no uniform view on the efficacy and safety of rifaximin. Methods. We performed a meta-analysis through electronic searches to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rifaximin in comparison with nonabsorbable disaccharides. Results. A total of 8 randomized co...

OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of feeding nondigestible disaccharides, difructose anhydride III (DFAIII), maltitol, melibiose and cellobiose on calcium, magnesium and iron absorption in comparison to fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in normal and ovariectomized rats. METHODS: In experiment 1, six groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (100 g cellulose/kg diet) or test ...

Various combinations of fluorescent dyes, polyacrylamide gels, and electrophoresis buffers were tested by fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (FACE) for the purpose of analyzing sulfated and nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) oligosaccharides in which disaccharides and low-molecular weight oligosaccharides were included. A nonionic fluorescent dye was found to be suitable for ana...

Reliable induction of foaming is indispensable for vacuum foam drying. We previously showed that, adequate partial drying followed by puncturing a solution with needle (needle stimulation) resulted in the foaming, even under insufficient where minimal. Herein, characteristics needle-stimulation-induced was investigated, focusing on impact viscosity and vapor pressure. Different combinations sol...

BACKGROUND Chondroitin sulfate (CS) has been used in cartilage tissue engineering techniques as a positive modulator of scaffolds. CS is a linear polysaccharide consisting of variously sulfated repeating disaccharides. The sulfation patterns of CS are closely related to their biological functions, but only monosulfated CS has been applied to scaffolds. In this study, we investigated the effects...

Eukaryotes able to withstand desiccation enter a state of suspended animation known as anhydrobiosis, which is thought to require accumulation of the non-reducing disaccharides trehalose (animals, fungi) and sucrose (plants), acting as water replacement molecules and vitrifying agents. We now show that clonal populations of bdelloid rotifers Philodina roseola and Adineta vaga exhibit excellent ...

Glass transition behavior of ternary disaccharide-ethylene glycol-water solutions, in reference to that of the binary combinations, has been investigated towards a better understanding of their cryoprotective ability. In water-deficient solutions, the disaccharides, including trehalose, sucrose and maltose, can associate with more than 100 ethylene glycol molecules to form amorphous complex, on...