Historically, unsuspected incidental solid tumors of the liver were encountered only at the time of laparotomy when biopsy and definitive histologic diagnosis were obtainable. However, as cross-sectional imaging studies have become widely available and increasingly applied, the identification of unsuspected liver lesions has become common, and the appropriate means to address these lesions is a...

The announcement of the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) and the cracking of the genetic code took place within weeks of each other in a climax of scientific excitement during the summer of 1961. Although mRNA is of decisive importance to our understanding of gene function, no Nobel Prize was awarded for its discovery. The large number of people involved, the complex nature of the results, and...

where $ B ­ = 3 $ A, $ M is magnetization and c is the superconducting order parameter. It was shown that a stable spiral phase, where superconductivity coexists with spiraling magnetization, or a spontaneous vortex phase, where magnetization is more or less uniform in the system but vortices are generated without an external magnetic field, may occur. Subsequently, the spiral phase was discove...

As human languages are increasingly dying out, the discovery of a new one is striking. Nigel Williams reports. The UN's atlas of endangered languages lists around 230 that have become extinct during the past 60 years. And it is now widely agreed that around 3,000 languages worldwide are endangered and 200 are critically endangered with fewer than 10 speakers. Even in Europe, Karaim, in western ...

In the article, authors raise topical issue of historical falsifications, considering them as an element information warfare. Applying historiographical method and interpreting facts creation misinformation manipulation public consciousness, they present a specific case research on discovery Donetsk coal basin. Therefore, review scientific encyclopedic literature Russia, USSR Ukraine devoted to...