In this paper, a new scheme employing the time-recursive approach to compute the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete sine transform (DST) is presented. Using such approach, parallel lattice structure that can dually generate the DCT and DST simultaneously is developed. The resulting architecture is regular, module, and without global communication and can be applied to any transform si...

in this paper we study the module contractibility ofbanach algebras and characterize them in terms the conceptssplitting and admissibility of short exact sequences. also weinvestigate module contractibility of banach algebras with theconcept of the module diagonal.

Controllability deals with the possibility of forcing the system to a particular state by application of a control input. If a state is uncontrollable then no input will be able to control that state. On the other hand whether or not the initial states can be observed from the output is determined using observability property. Thus if a state is not observable then the controller will not be ab...

This paper presents two architectures for 2-D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and inverse DWT (IDWT). The first consists of transform module, RAM module and address sequencer. The transform module, which takes uniform and regular structure with local communication, offers many advantages, e.g. simple control flow, full hardware-utilization and low-power. The second architecture features parall...

This paper proposes an efficient architecture for the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (2-D DWT). The proposed architecture includes a transform module, a RAM module, and a multiplexer. In the transform module, we employ the polyphase decomposition technique and the coefficient folding technique to the decimation filters of stages 1 and 2, respectively. In comparison with other 2-D DW...

This paper presents an approach to model a humanoid robot as a discrete event system; the approach is based on Petri Nets. Firstly, this paper proposes representation of a human body with a system of ten interrelated links. Secondly, each link is modelled as a Petri net module resulting in ten independent modules. Thirdly, this paper proposes use of a command-dispatcher module to coordinate all...

This paper primarily concerns Galois cohomology groups associated to Galois representations over a complete local ring R. The underlying Galois module and the corresponding cohomology groups which we consider are discrete R-modules. Under certain hypotheses, we prove that the first cohomology group is an almost divisible Rmodule. We also consider the subgroup of locally trivial elements in the ...

let $r$ be a commutative ring with identity and $m$ be a finitely generated unital $r$-module. in this paper, first we give necessary and sufficient conditions that a finitely generated module to be a multiplication module. moreover, we investigate some conditions which imply that the module $m$ is the direct sum of some cyclic modules and free modules. then some properties of fitting ideals of...

a module $m$ is called $emph{h}$-cofinitely supplemented if for every cofinite submodule $e$ (i.e. $m/e$ is finitely generated) of $m$ there exists a direct summand $d$ of $m$ such that $m = e + x$ holds if and only if $m = d + x$, for every submodule $x$ of $m$. in this paper we study factors, direct summands and direct sums of $emph{h}$-cofinitely supplemented modules. let $m$ be an $emph{h}$...

We introduce the concepts of lifting modules and (quasi-)discrete modules relative to a given left module. We also introduce the notion of SSRS-modules. It is shown that (1) if M is an amply supplementedmodule and 0→N ′ →N →N ′′ → 0 an exact sequence, then M isN-lifting if and only if it isN ′-lifting andN ′′-lifting; (2) ifM is a Noetherianmodule, then M is lifting if and only if M is R-liftin...