Background: Vitiligo is an acquired, idiopathic, and common depigmentation disorder of the skin that affects people of all ages and both sexes equally in the worldwide. Although etiology of the disease is unknown, there are theories such as environment and genetic factors. Methods: In this article, we collected and summarized the appropriate manuscripts regarding the epidemiology and gene...

speech emotion can add more information to speech in comparison to available textual information. however, it will also lead to some problems in speech recognition process. in a previous study, we depicted the substantial changes of speech parameters caused by speech emotion. therefore, in order to improve emotional speech recognition rate, in a first step, the effects of emotion on speech par...

communication between subarachnoid and per lymphatic spaces can be due to a deficiency of lamina crib rosa (stapes gusher). recognition of the condition may alter the course of treatment that can avoid perilymph gushing. a five-year-old boy presented with a history of congenital hearing loss and recurrent meningitis. the computed tomography (ct) of the temporal bone showed severe bilateral dysp...

Kawasaki disease is one of the most common vasculidities of childhood. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the US.1 Although its course is typically self-limited, it is important that the clinician have a high degree of suspicion for its presence in light of its potential cardiac complications. It should be included in the differential diagnosis for any child with p...