OBJECTIVES To summarize current evidence that sleep-disordered breathing in children is associated with behavioral, neurocognitive and quality-of-life problems and to suggest new lines of investigation for future research on sleep-disordered breathing and behavior. METHODS A comprehensive review of the medical literature between January 1990 and December 2004 was performed using the National ...

Snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, sleep apnea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome are all defined as sleep-disordered breathing. Many changes occur in the respiratory system and sleep physiology during pregnancy due to physical and hormonal causes. Functional residual capacity, total sleep time, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and stage 3-4 non-REM sleep are reduced during the...

BACKGROUND Children with Down syndrome (DS) suffer from sleep problems, including sleep maintenance problems, as well as snoring, and other symptoms of disordered breathing. To examine sleep in DS, we gave parents a questionnaire assessing their child's sleep. MATERIALS AND METHODS The parents of 35 children with DS (mean age = 12.65 years, range = 7-18 years) completed the 33-item Children's...

Heart failure (HF) and sleep-disordered breathing are conditions highly prevalent in the general population that often co-exist in the same patient. Epidemiological and pathophysiological studies indicate that there may be a causal link between sleep-disordered breathing and HF with either left ventricular systolic dysfunction or preserved ejection fraction. The presence of sleep-disordered bre...

Many changes in the respiratory system occur during pregnancy, particularly during the third trimester, which can alter respiratory function during sleep, increasing the incidence and severity of sleep disordered breathing. These changes include increased ventilatory drive and metabolic rate, reduced functional residual capacity and residual volume, increased alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients,...

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess sleep and breathing in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with bulbar muscle involvement. Design: Prospective, controlled study of sleep and breathing measured during polysomnography. Setting: University teaching hospital and referral center. Patients: Patients with definite ALS and healthy age-matched control subjects. Intervent...

A randomized, controlled study of a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnea. Efficacy of positive airway pressure and oral appliance in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. advancement devices in 630 men and women with obstructive sleep apnea and snoring: tolerability and predictors of treatment success. Assessment of upper airway dynamics in awake sleep apnea patients wi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article introduces readers to the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep-disordered breathing and reviews the associated risk factors and health consequences. RECENT FINDINGS Sleep-disordered breathing is associated with significant impairments in daytime alertness and cognitive function as well as adverse health outcomes. The initial treatment of choi...