Background: Habitat characteristics can vary over small spatial scales at which gene flow is expected to swamp any effect of divergent natural selection. However, fine-grained (‘microgeographic’) adaptive divergence may still be feasible if individuals exhibit dispersal behaviours that improve the match between their phenotype and habitat. For example, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus acule...

Nomenclature H AW adiabatic wall enthalpy (J/kg) H w wall enthalpy (J/kg) H 0 total enthalpy (J/kg) h heat transfer coefficient (kg/m 2 /sec), h FR reference Fay-Riddell heat transfer coefficient (kg/m 2 /sec) L model reference length (m) M ∞ free stream Mach number q FR reference Fay-Riddell heat transfer rate (W/m 2) Re ∞ free stream unit Reynolds number (1/m) T ∞ free stream temperature (K) ...

abstract land surface hydrological models has importance in the determination of soil moisture and temperature, the rate of evapotranspiration, stream flow by emphasis on the land surface physical and dynamic process descriptions. in this research, vic land surface hydrological model has been used for the land surface temperature and stream flow determination. the vic runoff simulation in each ...

A numerical study on mixing of hydrogen injected transversely into a supersonic air stream has been performed by solving Two-Dimensional full Navier-Stokes equations. An explicit Harten-Yee Non-MUSCL Modified-flux-type TVD scheme has been used to solve the system of equations, and a zero-equation algebraic turbulence model to calculate the eddy viscosity coefficient. The main objectives of this...

Question: How do post-glacial colonization history and current watershed geomorphology affect population genetic structure in lacustrine fish populations? Study system: Eleven populations of lacustrine threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) from a single watershed, and two adjacent marine populations of G. aculeatus as outgroups. Methods: Individuals were genotyped using six microsate...

An argument is given that simple considerations of efficiency for an information acquisitionstorage-retrieval-reaction device (IPD) interacting with a complex informationally rich environment will necessitate strategies that ensure meeting the criteria for comprehension. The first section analyzes “comprehension,” the second deals with efficiency in IPDs, and in the third, implications of a com...

We study the main cryptographic features of Boolean functions (balancedness, nonlinearity, algebraic immunity) when, for a given number n of variables, the input to these functions is restricted to some subset E of F2 . We study in particular the case when E equals the set of vectors of fixed Hamming weight, which plays a role in the FLIP stream cipher and we study the robustness of the Boolean...

In this paper we report the results of a pilot project we conduct to develop a semi-automated approach for tidal stream network extraction from remote sensor data. Our test site is part of the North Inlet-Winyah Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve in Georgetown, South Carolina, U.S.A. Largely lower than 1m above sea level, the study site consists of salt marshes behind barrier islands with ...

Reservoirs are important components of modern aquatic ecosystems that have negative impacts on native aquatic biota both upand downstream. We used a landscape-scale geographic information system (GIS) approach to quantify the spatial effects of 19 large reservoirs on upstream prairie fish assemblages at 219 sites in Kansas, USA. We hypothesized that fish assemblage structure would vary with inc...

We give tight cell-probe bounds for the time to compute convolution, multiplication and Hamming distance in a stream. The cell probe model is a particularly strong computational model and subsumes, for example, the popular word RAM model. • We first consider online convolution where the task is to output the inner product between a fixed n-dimensional vector and a vector of the n most recent va...